Biology

Question 1

Name 3 differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 1

Plants have a cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole and rectangular shape

Question 2

What do plant and animal cells both have

Answer 2

Cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 3

Where do chemical reactions in cells take place?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

What contains the genetic information in a cell?

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

How are root hair cells adapted?

Answer 5

large surface area for absorption

Question 6

How are palisade cells adapted?

Answer 6

Lots of chlorophyll and rectangular shape so no gaps between them

Question 7

What is diffusion?

Answer 7

Movement of particles from high concentration to low down a concentration gradient

Question 8

How do substances move in and out of cells?

Answer 8

Diffusion through cell membrane

Question 9

What is osmosis?

Answer 9

Movement of water from dilute solution to concentrated solution

Question 10

How does water enter cells?

Answer 10

Osmosis

Question 11

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 11

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 12

What happens to the glucose made by photosynthesis?

Answer 12

Used in respiration, transport or stored as starch

Question 13

Why do we use aquatic plants for photosynthesis experiments?

Answer 13

To see the bubbles given off

Question 14

What is chlorophyll used for?

Answer 14

Trap sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 15

What allows gases in and out of a leaf?

Answer 15

Stomata

Question 16

Why are nitrates taken in through roots?

Answer 16

Make amino acids for growth

Question 17

Why is magnesium taken in through roots?

Answer 17

To make chlorophyll

Question 18

What does xylem transport?

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

What does phloem transport?

Answer 19

Sugar

Question 20

Describe the pathway of water through a plant from soil to the air

Answer 20

In through root hairs, into root, then into xylem which takes it up through the stem to the leaf and out through stomata

Question 21

What is transpiration?

Answer 21

Evaporation of water from the xylem into the mesophyll layer

Question 22

What speeds up transpiration?

Answer 22

Hot day, dry day (less humid) and windy day

Question 23

What is gravitropism?

Answer 23

Plants growing towards or away from gravity

Question 24

What is phototropism?

Answer 24

Plants growing towards or away from light

Question 25

What is the name of the plant growth hormone and where is it made?

Answer 25

Auxin - tip of the shoot

Question 26

How does a plant grow towards light?

Answer 26

Auxin collects on dark side and makes those cells grow faster so plant bends

Question 27

Why do roots grow down?

Answer 27

Gravity pulls auxin to the bottom of the root which stops those cells at the bottom growing and so it bends down

Question 28

Where is pollen produced?

Answer 28

Anthers

Question 29

What is pollination?

Answer 29

Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

Question 30

What is fertilisation?

Answer 30

When the nucleus of a pollen fuses with the nucleus of an ovule

Question 31

How can you tell a plant is animal or insect pollinated?

Answer 31

Bright colours, scent, nectar and hooks on pollen grain

Question 32

How can you tell a plant is wind pollinated?

Answer 32

Anthers hang out of the flower. Pollen grains are small, light and smooth

Question 33

What is the source of energy in food chains?

Answer 33

Sun

Question 34

What always starts a food chain?

Answer 34

Producer (plant)

Question 35

What are the animals called?

Answer 35

Consumers

Question 36

What is the position of an animal in a food chain or food web called?

Answer 36

Trophic layer

Question 37

What happens at each stage of a food chain?

Answer 37

Energy is lost (so most are only 4 trophic layers)

Question 38

How is energy lost at each stage of a food chain?

Answer 38

Not all parts eaten, some is egested, some is excreted, the animals use energy to move

Question 39

What live on dead or decaying matter?

Answer 39

Decomposers

Question 40

What happens in eutrophication?

Answer 40

Fertilisers wash into rivers, river plants grow, ones at surface grow so much they block the sun so ones at bottom die. Decomposers eat the dead plants so multiply and use all the oxygen up when they respire, this means fish die

Question 41

What are the seven life processes?

Answer 41

Movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition