Biology Additional

Question 1

Respiration that uses oxygen

Answer 1

Aerobic Respiration

Question 2

Equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 2

oxygen + glucose –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

Question 3

Equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 3

glucose –> lactic acid (+ energy)

Question 4

Equation for anaerobic respiration used in fermentation

Answer 4

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)

Question 5

Small molecules that are joined in long chains to make proteins. All the proteins in living things are made from 20 of these joined in different orders.

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

Respiration that does not use oxygen

Answer 6

Anaerobic respiration

Question 7

Group of proteins made by white blood cells to fight microorganisms. They are specific to antigens.

Answer 7

Antibodies

Question 8

A plant hormone that affects growth and development.

Answer 8

Auxin

Question 9

A long thin extension of the cytoplasm of a neuron that carries electrical impulses very quickly

Answer 9

Axon

Question 10

The way that bases in a DNA molecule always pair up

Answer 10

A pairs with T and C pairs with G

Question 11

Drugs that block the receptor sites for the hormone adrenaline.

Answer 11

Beta blockers

Question 12

Ethanol fuel produced in yeast fermentation of plants like sugar cane

Answer 12

bioethanol

Question 13

Thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell it allows molecules to move in and out of the cell.

Answer 13

Cell membrane

Question 14

Rigid outer layer of plant cells and bacteria

Answer 14

Cell wall

Question 15

The chemical that makes up most of the fibre in food. The body cannot digest it.

Answer 15

Cellulose

Question 16

In mammals it is the brain and spinal cord

Answer 16

Central Nervous System

Question 17

Highly folded outer layer of the brain concerned with conscious behaviour

Answer 17

Cerebral coretex

Question 18

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs energy from sunlight for photosynthesis.

Answer 18

Chlorophyll

Question 19

An organelle found in some plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

Answer 19

Chloroplast

Question 20

Long thin threadlike structure in the nucleus of cell made up of a long molecule of DNA

Answer 20

Chromosome

Question 21

A new cell or individual made by asexual reproduction. It has the same genes as its parent

Answer 21

Clone

Question 22

A reflex where the response is associated with a secondary stimulus, for example, a dog salivates when it hears a bell because it has associated the bell with the food.

Answer 22

Conditioned reflex

Question 23

Gel enclosed by the cell membrane that contains the cell organelles such as mitochondria

Answer 23

Cytoplasm

Question 24

A change in an enzyme by temperature or pH that changes the shape of the active site.

Answer 24

Denatures

Question 25

Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Answer 25

Diffusion

Question 26

The shape of the DNA molecule

Answer 26

Double Helix

Question 27

A drug that increases the concentration of seratonin at the synapses in the brain. Long term use results in destruciton of the synapse.

Answer 27

Ecstasy

Question 28

Unspecialised cell in the very early embryo that can develop into any type of cell or even a whole individual.

Answer 28

Embryonic Stem Cell

Question 29

A protein that speeds up (catalyses) chemical reactions in living things

Answer 29

Enzyme

Question 30

Waste product from anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

Answer 30

Ethanol

Question 31

Layer wrapped around the outside of an axon to insulate neurones from each other and speed up nervous impulses.

Answer 31

Fatty Sheath

Question 32

A developing human embryo once it reaches eight weeks after fertilization.

Answer 32

Fetus

Question 33

The sex cells that fuse to form a zygote

Answer 33

Gametes

Question 34

A section of DNA that gives the instructions for making one kind of protein

Answer 34

Gene

Question 35

How cells become specialised and do not make every type of protein

Answer 35

Gene Switching

Question 36

Sugar produced during photosynthesis

Answer 36

Glucose

Question 37

The place where an organism lives

Answer 37

Habitat

Question 38

A chemical messenger that brings about changes in cells or tissues in different parts of plants and animals.

Answer 38

Hormone

Question 39

An automatic response made without conscious thought

Answer 39

Involuntary

Question 40

Waste product from anaerobic respiration in animals

Answer 40

Lactic Acid

Question 41

The stages an organism goes through as it matures, develops, and reproduces.

Answer 41

Life cycle

Question 42

The model that explains how enzymes work. The active site of the enzyme is the correct shape for a specific substrate and will not fit other molecules.

Answer 42

Lock and key model

Question 43

The part of the memory that stores information for a long period or permanently

Answer 43

Long term memory

Question 44

Cell division that halves the number of chromosomes to produce gametes

Answer 44

Meiosis

Question 45

Unspecialised cells in plants that can develop into any type of specialised cell.

Answer 45

Meristem cell

Question 46

An organelle in animal and plant cells where respiration takes place.

Answer 46

Mitochondria

Question 47

Cell division that makes two new cells identical to each other and to the parent cell.

Answer 47

Mitosis

Question 48

A neuron that carries nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to an effector

Answer 48

Motor neuron

Question 49

A chemical involved in making proteins in cells. It carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Answer 49

mRNA

Question 50

An explanation for how the memory works that involves repetition and rehearsal.

Answer 50

Multi-store memory model.

Question 51

Electrical signals carried by neurons

Answer 51

Nerve impulses

Question 52

Tissues and organs that control the body's responses to stimuli.

Answer 52

Nervous System

Question 53

A nerve cell

Answer 53

Neuron

Question 54

A scientist who studies how the brain and nerves work

Answer 54

Neuroscientist

Question 55

The newborn reflexes

Answer 55

Suckling, Stepping, Moro/Startle reflex

Question 56

Organelle that contains the chromosomes

Answer 56

Nucleus

Question 57

The temperature at which enzymes work fastest

Answer 57

Optimum temperature

Question 58

The specialised parts of a cell such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chromosplasts

Answer 58

Organelle

Question 59

Parts of a plant or animal made up of different tissues that work together for a particular function.

Answer 59

Organ

Question 60

A membrane that acts as a barrier to some molecules but allows others to diffuse through

Answer 60

Partially permeable membrane

Question 61

A series of interconnected neurones that allow nerve impulses to travel along a particular route very quickly

Answer 61

Pathway

Question 62

The network of nerves connected the CNS to the rest of the body

Answer 62

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 63

A plant tissue that transports sugar through the plant

Answer 63

Phloem

Question 64

The process in green plants that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose

Answer 64

Photosynthesis

Question 65

The bending of growing plant shoots towards the light

Answer 65

Phototropism

Question 66

Chemicals in living things that are polymers made by joining together amino acids

Answer 66

Proteins

Question 67

A brand name for an antidepressant drug that increases the concentration of seratonin on synapses.

Answer 67

Prozac

Question 68

The reaction of the mucles in the pupil to light

Answer 68

Pupil reflex

Question 69

A square grid of a known area that is used to survey plants in a location.

Answer 69

Quadrat

Question 70

Blood cells that carry oxygen

Answer 70

Red Blood Cells

Question 71

A neuron pathway that brings about a reflex response. It involves a sensory neron, relay neurones and motor neurones

Answer 71

Reflex Arc

Question 72

A neuron that carries impulses from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron

Answer 72

Relay neuron

Question 73

A series of chemical reactions that release energy for the cell to use

Answer 73

Respiration

Question 74

Action or behaivour that is caused by a stimulus

Answer 74

Response

Question 75

Organelles in cells that join together amino acids

Answer 75

Ribosome

Question 76

Microscopic cell that increases the surface area for absorption of minerals and water by plant roots.

Answer 76

Root hair cell

Question 77

A neuron that carries nerve impulses from a receptor to the brain or spinal cord

Answer 77

Sensory neuron

Question 78

A chemical released at synapses in the brain resulting in feelings of pleasure

Answer 78

Seratonin

Question 79

A automatic response made by an animal to a stimulus

Answer 79

Simple reflex

Question 80

Plants produce this to store the energy food they make by photosynthesis.

Answer 80

Starch

Question 81

Unspecialised animal cell

Answer 81

Stem cell

Question 82

A change in the environment that causes a response

Answer 82

Stimulus

Question 83

Tiny holes in the underside of a leaf that allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen out

Answer 83

Stomata

Question 84

A tiny gap between neurons that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another by diffusing chemical transmitters across the gap.

Answer 84

Synapse

Question 85

Growing new tissues and organs from cloning embryonic stem cells. The new tissues and organs are used to treat people who are ill or injured

Answer 85

Therapeutic Cloning

Question 86

Group of specialised cells of the same type working together to do the same job

Answer 86

Tissue

Question 87

A straight line that runs through a location used to collect data on plant and animal distribution at regular intervals along the line.

Answer 87

Transect

Question 88

Chemical used in synapses

Answer 88

Transmitter

Question 89

A sequence of three bases coding for an amino acid

Answer 89

Triplet code

Question 90

Cells that have not yet developed into one particular type of cell

Answer 90

Unspecialised

Question 91

Plant tissue that transports water

Answer 91

Xylem

Question 92

The cell made when a sperm cell fertilises an egg cell in sexual reproduction

Answer 92

Zygote