Biology and behavior Flashcards
(32 cards)
Who would believe that when you get better at a skill, the brain area responsible would expand
Franz Gall. He believed that if a trait was well developed the area of the brain responsible would expand. This (he believed) would cause a large bulge on the head. He believed that one could measure psychological attributes by measuring the skull. This belief was termed phrenology.
FRanz= PHRenology
Ablation was a common method used by who and for what
ablation/extirpation is the removal of sections of the brain to observe behavioral consequences. Pierre Flourens was the first to study functions of the major section of the brain and he did it via ablation
The father of American psychology, William James, is known for
Willam James, studied functionalism: how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment
Father= functionalism
compare the ideas of John Dewey and William James
Both played a role in functionalism (how mental processes play a role in adapting to the environment)
When addressing behavioral deficits of people with brain damage, what historical figure would most be interested
Paul Broca. Broca studied people with behavioral deficits who had brain damage. Broca determined that specific impairments were linked with specific areas of the brain.
Broca’s area deals with ability to speak
compare the findings of Hermann Von Hemholtz with Charles Sherrington
Hemholtz measured the speed of a nerve impulse, related this speed to reaction time, and provided a basis for behavior and nervous system activity
Sherrington inferred the existence of synapses.
Hemholtz= hurry (speed of nerve impulse)
Sherrington= Synapse
compare sensory neurons and motor neurons
sensory neurons (afferent) send sensory information from receptors to spinal cord/brain.
motor neurons (efferent) send information from the CNS to muscles and glands
neurons linked to reflexive behavior
interneurons, the most numerous type. Mostly found in brain and spinal cord
peripheral NS divisions
Somatic and autonomic
Autonomic splits into sympathetic and parasympathetic
ACH relates to which branch of the NS
parasympathetic
Upon parasympathetic response, how would the following be affected
- pupils
- saliva
- bronchi
- peristalsis
- bile
- bladder
pupils constrict, saliva flow increases, bronchi constrict, peristalsis is stimulated, bile release is stimulated, contract bladder
relaxed bronchi , stimulation of piloerection, and inhibition of peristalsis are characteristic of what type of response
sympathetic
Meninge layers outer to inner
Dura, arachnoid, pia
DAP
5 structures of forebrain
the forebrain 5 are the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus
If a neural tube defect was present in which the rhombencephalon was not developed at all, what structures would be missing from the mature brain
Rhombencephalon= hindbrain. The hindbrain includes the cerebellum, medulla, reticular formation, and pons
name functions of the forebrain structures
- cerebral cortex
- basal ganglia
- limbic system
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- cerebral cortex: complex thinking and behavior
- basal ganglia: movement
- limbic system: emotion/ memory
- thalamus: sensory relay information
- hypothalamus: hunger and thirst, emotion
A mad scientist poked random areas of a persons brain. When the person woke up, they no longer had any emotions. Which area(s) could have been damaged
the limbic system and/or hypothalamus
Function of the structures of the hindbrain
- Cerebellum
- medulla
- reticular formation
- pons
- Cerebellum: refined motor movements
- medulla: heart, vital reflexes (vomiting/coughing)
- reticular formation: arousal, alertness
- pons: communication within the brain, breathing
three sections of the embryonic brain
prosencephalon(forebrain) >>>> diencephalon and telencephalon
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon(hindbrain)>>>>>metencephalon and myelencephalon
A cave mans brain is being examined, what functional part(s) are likely to be missing
The forebrain. The hindbrain and midbrain were developed earlier and form the brainstem, the most primitive area of the brain.
which brain area (hindbrain, midbrain, or forebrain) is responsible for the startle when hearing a very loud noise
Midbrain. The inferior colliculus receives info from the auditory system.
how do the superior and inferior colliculus of the midbrain differ
superior receives visual sensory input, inferior receives auditory input
Which brain area (hindbrain, midbrain, or forebrain) most influences behavior
forebrain
a malformed pineal gland and thalamus could be the result of what kind of issue during prenatal development
neural tube issues, specifically development issues when splitting. During prenatal development the prosencephalon divides into the telencephalon and diencephalon. The diencephalon forms the thalamus and pineal gland (as well as the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus)