Biology and neuroscience Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the nervous system influences
nature and nurture
What are microglial?
immune system cells that respond to pathogens and damage
What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?
-acetylcholine (Ach)
- glutamate
-serotonin
- dopamine
What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid
- glycine
- serotonin
- dopamine
What is an agonist neurotransmitter?
drug replicates receptor action (receptor opens)
What is an antagonist neurotransmitter?
drug prevents receptor action (receptor closes)
What is a direct neurotransmitter?
drug binds at same site
What is an indirect neurotransmitter?
drug binds at different site
What are the 2 major categories of the PNS? And what does it mean?
somatic(what we control) and autonomic (what we can’t control)
What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems control of?
S - fight or flight
PS- breathing, heart beat
What is the difference between afferent and efferent?
A - from sensory nerves
E - to motor nerves
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
-making decisions
Motor cortex
- preforming voluntary movement
Prefrontal cortex
- deciding when, why, and how to complete actions
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
- processing numbers and preforming calculations
Somatosensory cortex
- receptor of sensation
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
- important in recognizing and using language
Auditory cortex
- processes auditory information
Olfactory
- smell
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visuospatial cortex
- visual processing
damage could cause blindness
What is the reticular activating system responsible for?
- regulating awareness (ex. sleeping )
- coordinates several brain areas
What is the function of the limbic system and what does the amygdala do?
- helps store emotional memories
- involved in fear
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
- coordinating movements and thought
- muscle memory
What is the thalamus responsible for?
- relay sensory information
- every sense passes through this but not smell
What is the function of the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis)
- activated in time of stress
What is the function of the corpus callosum?
- connects the two hemispheres of brain and shares information
Explain MRI.
- magnetic fields to picture hydrogen ions
- precision, no radiation
- detect changed in structure due to disease
Explain CT.
- uses x-ray to get “slice” images
- fast and cheap
- detect changes in structure due to disease
Explain fMRI.
- magnetic fields to picture hydrogen ions
- no radiation, no injection
- measure activation during tasks/ areas of brain that is active
