Biology b1

Question 1

What are all living things made up off

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

What do eukaryotic cells include

Answer 2

include all animal and plant cells

Question 3

What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells include and what does it do

Answer 3

Contain genetic material that contains instructions that control the activities of the cell

Question 4

What does the neucleus contain

Answer 4

Genetic material which is arranged into chromosones

Question 5

Describe the cytoplasm

Answer 5

Gell like , most reactions happen here , contains enzymes

Question 6

Describe the mitochondria

Answer 6

Contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration

Question 7

What things do plant cells have more than animal cells

Answer 7

Rigid cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplast

Question 8

What is a rigid cell wall

Answer 8

Made of cellulose , supports the cell and strengthens it

Question 9

What is a large vacule

Answer 9

Contains cell sap

Question 10

What is chloroplats

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis occurs , contains green substance called chlorophyll

Question 11

What is a genome

Answer 11

Entire genetic material of a organism

Question 12

How do chromosomes usually come

Answer 12

In paris (humans have 46)

Question 13

What is dna made up off

Answer 13

Monomers

Question 14

What do proteins control

Answer 14

The development of different characteristics

Question 15

What are different versions of the same gene called

Answer 15

Alleles

Question 16

How many neuclitieds are in dna

Answer 16

4

Question 17

What are the 4 different bases found in dna

Answer 17

Adenine thymine cytosine guanine

Question 18

Where is dna found

Answer 18

In the cell neucleus

Question 19

What is insertions in dna

Answer 19

A new base is inserted into the dna base which changes the way the triplets are read

Question 20

What are deletions in DNA

Answer 20

A peice pf the dna sequence is deleted which changes the way the triplets are read and creates a knock on affect

Question 21

What is homozygous

Answer 21

You have two alleles that are the same for a particular gene

Question 22

What is heterozygous

Answer 22

You have two different alleles for a trait

Question 23

What gene is controlled by a single gene

Answer 23

Blood group

Question 24

How many chromosomes do human bodies have

Answer 24

23 pairs

Question 25

What chromosomes make u a man and a women.

Answer 25

Men have xy Women have xx

Question 26

How does the presence of Y chromosome make embryos turn into men

Answer 26

Stimulates the growth of testiest

Question 27

What is genome sequencing

Answer 27

Finding the order of nucleotides in a organisms genome

Question 28

How do doctors create medicine for certain diseases

Answer 28

They compare peoples genes that do not have disease to those who do

Question 29

What could having a 100% chance of having a disease lead to

Answer 29

Extreme stress Discrimination from employees

Question 30

What is a communicable disease

Answer 30

A disease that can be spread between organisms

Question 31

What is a non communicable disease

Answer 31

A disease that can not be spread from one organism to another

Question 32

What are some examples of non communicable diseases

Answer 32

Cancer and diabetes

Question 33

What is the period of time where you are infected with a disease and when you start showing symptoms

Answer 33

Incubation period

Question 34

What are pathogens

Answer 34

Microorganisms that cause communicable diseases

Question 35

What are the 4 types of pthogens

Answer 35

Bacteria viruses protists fungi

Question 36

What are different ways that communal diseases are spread

Answer 36

Water, air, on surfaces, body fluids, animal vectors, soil, food

Question 37

What are physical preventions of catching illness

Answer 37

Mucus and cilia stop bacteria getting into the body, the skin , platelets rush to a cut and cause bloodclots so no bacteria gets in

Question 38

What are chemical preventions to disease

Answer 38

Eyes produce lysozymes, saliva contains molecules that kills disease , stomach produces hydrochloric acid

Question 39

How do plants stop pathogens getting in

Answer 39

A waxy waterproof layer on leaves

Question 40

What part of the food chain are plants in

Answer 40

Nearly always at the bottom

Question 41

What are some ways of preventing disease

Answer 41

Basic hygiene, sterilising wounds, using condoms, vacinations

Question 42

How does biological control work

Answer 42

When a another organism is used to control a pest for example ladybirds eat aphids

Question 43

How does vaccinating work

Answer 43

Injecting dead or weak pathogens into the body

Question 44

Pros and cons to vaccine

Answer 44

Pro: can prevent epidemics Con: can be expensive Could not work Could have bad affects

Question 45

What produces antibodies

Answer 45

White blood cells

Question 46

How do you make monoclonal antibodies

Answer 46

Injecting a mouse with the antigens you want to target

Question 47

What are tumour markers

Answer 47

Antigens on cancer cells cell membrane

Question 48

What do pain killers do

Answer 48

Relieve pain but does not fight the diesease

Question 49

How is penicillin made

Answer 49

With a type lf mould that can be grown in large amounts

Question 50

What are antibiotics

Answer 50

Chemicals that kill bacteria without killing your own body cells

Question 51

What are cardiovascular diseases

Answer 51

Diseases to do with your heart and blood vessels

Question 52

How are blood clots formed

Answer 52

Fatty deposits harden and cause atheromas which can break off or damage a blood vessel which cause a blood clot

Question 53

What are stents

Answer 53

Tubes put inside arteries to keep them open

Question 54

How does preclinical testing work

Answer 54

Drugs are tested on cultured human cells then the drug is tested on live animals

Question 55

Whats a cultured human cell

Answer 55

A cell grown in a lab

Question 56

What is clinical testing

Answer 56

If the disease passes the test on animals then it is tested on humans which could include the use of placebo affect or not because of ethical issues