Biology B1 and B2 Flashcards
study mate (42 cards)
Eukaryotic cells
-Animal & Plant cells
-Have a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
-Doesn’t have a nucleus(smaller)
-Have a loop of DNA
Order of magnitued
Every order of magnitude is 10x greater than the one before
Animal cells
-Have a nucleus
-Cytoplasm(chemical reaction)
-Cell membrane
-Mitocondria and Ribosomes
Mitocondria-Aerobic reaction
Ribosomes-Protein synthesis
Plant cells
-Regular shape
-used for photosynthesis
-Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitocondria, ribosomes, cell wall, chloroplast contain chlorophyll and are the site for photosynthesis
-Cell wall is made from cellulose. This stregthens the cell
-Vacuole filled with cell sap, gives plant its shape
Animal cell specialistaion.
-Most animal cells are specialised
Sperm cell and its job
-sperm cell- Join with an ovum(egg cell)
-during this gentic info of the ovum and sperm is shared
-Have a nucleus, tail, Mitocondria, enzymes
Nerve cells(features)
-Cells job to send electrical impulses around the body
-Have a long axon which carries the electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
-axons covered with mylen which speeds up the mission
-Synapses allow the impulse to pass form one nerve cell to another
-Dendrites increases the surface area so that other nerve cells connect more easily
Muscle cells
-They can contract
-Contain protein fibres
-Packed with mitochondria to form muscle tissue
Differentiation
When cells become specialised scientist, call this process differentiation
Root hair cell
-Increases the surface area of the root
-They DO NOT contain chloroplast, they are underground
Xylem cells(features)
-Found in the plant stem. They form long tubes
-These tubes carry water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
-Thick walls contaning lignin. Provides support to the plant
-The end walls between the cells have broken down
NO nucleus, cytoplasm, vacolue or chloroplast
-NO internal structre
Phloem
-Carry dissolved sugars up and down the plant
-Phloem vessel cells(no nucleus) only limited cytoplasm
-The end walls of the vessel cells have pores called sieve plates
-Both features allow dissloved sugars to move through the cell interior
-Mitocondria in the companion cell provides energy
cell divison by mitosis
-Body cells contain 2 of each chromosomes(paired)
-Human body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes
-Cell divison—Cell cycle
First stage of mitosis
DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosomes, the cell grows and copies its internal structures such as mitocondria and ribosomes
second stage of mitosis
Mitosis, One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell. The nucleus is also diveded into 2
final stage of mitosis
The cytoplasm and the cell membrane divide to form 2 identical cells
Functions of mitosis
-mitosis is essential growth and development of multicellular organissm
-mitosis takes place when an organism repairs itself
-Mitosis happens during asexual reproduction
The heart(explained)
-The atria are spreated from the ventricle from valves
-Vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from the body
-Blood from the heart to lungs by pulmonary
-Oxygenated blood passes from lungs—Heart (pulmonary vein)
-Oxygenated blood heart—body (aorta)
De-oxygenated
Vena cava - right atrium- left ventricle- pulmonary artery
oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein- left atrium- left ventricle- aorta
What can light microscope do?
Light microscope are cheap to make so they can only allow you to see the outside lines of cells
What can electron microscope allow?
Electrons microscope can allow you to visualise finer details including organelles(sub cellular structures) due to their greater resolving power and higher resolution
How long are cells usually?
Cells are usually a few micrometers long
