Biology B1: Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards
(50 cards)
Name 2 examples of eukaryotic cells
Plant cells and animal cells
Name 1 example of a prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
What sub-cellular structures do both plant cells and animal cells have?
Nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm
What other structures do ONLY plant cells have
Cell wall - for support and structure of the cell
Vacuole - cell sap contains a mixture of salt, water, and sugar
Chloroplast- photosynthesis
What sub-cellular feature in a bacteria cell that also features in plant and animal cells?
Ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall
What sub cellular structure feature specifically in a bacteria cell which don’t feature in Eukaryotic cells?
Flagellum- provides movement
Chromosomal DNA- where all genetic information is stored
Plasmid rings of DNA- extra genetic information such as bacteria resistance.
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Protein synthesis (where protein is made)
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Jelly like substance where all chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the mitochondria
- site of aerobic respiration, which gives cells energy to function
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what comes in and goes out of the cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains the DNA/ genetic information
What are the advantages of using a light microscope
Easy to use, cheap, easy to carry around
What are the disadvantages of using a light microscope?
Limited magnification, lower resolution ( not being able to see sub-cellular organisms clearly )
What are the advantages of using an electron microscope?
Higher resolution and magnification (allowing to see sub-cellular organisms more clearly)
What are the disadvantages of using an electron microscope?
Very expensive, massive (so you can’t carry it around)
What are the stages of preparing an onion slide to see onion cells?
- take a thin slice of the onion skin and place it onto the slide (otherwise you can’t see the cells if too thick)
-add a few drops of a stain such as iodine (to see it more clearly)
-place a cover slip over the onion skin slowly to avoid trapping air bubbles - view under a microscope
What is the equation for magnification?
magnification = image size of object / actual size of object
What does catalyst mean?
A substance that increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the process
What is an enzyme an example of?
Biological catalysts
What are enzymes made up of?
Long chains of amino acids
What is the role of the active site?
It’s the specific region where the enzyme can bind to a specific substrate. This allows the enzyme to catalyse specific chemical reactions involving that substrate.
What does the active site form when it binds to the substrate?
An enzyme substrate complex
What happens to enzyme and enzyme activity when it goes past optimum temperature?
It starts to break apart the bonds holding the enzyme together, the active site starts to change shape. Of it changes enough the enzyme won’t be able to bind with the substrate therefore the enzyme has denatured.
What happens to enzymes and enzyme activity when when ph is too low or too high?
The bonds holding the enzyme start to break and active site starts changing shape until the enzyme no longer binds to the substrate therefore the enzyme has denatured.
