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Biology B4 Flashcards

(117 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

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2
Q

True or False: Mitosis results in four genetically identical daughter cells.

A

False

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3
Q

What process do plants use to convert sunlight into energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of life is the __________.

A

cell

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5
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

A

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory? A) All living things are composed of cells. B) Cells arise from pre-existing cells. C) Cells can be created from non-cellular materials. D) Cells are the basic unit of life.

A

C) Cells can be created from non-cellular materials.

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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through respiration.

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8
Q

True or False: Enzymes are affected by temperature and pH.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the chloroplast in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: DNA stands for __________.

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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11
Q

What type of cell division produces gametes?

A

Meiosis

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism? A) Plant cell B) Animal cell C) Bacterium D) Fungus

A

C) Bacterium

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13
Q

What is the primary function of the nucleus?

A

The nucleus stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.

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14
Q

True or False: All cells have a nucleus.

A

False

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15
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance where cellular processes occur.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy is called __________.

A

cellular respiration

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17
Q

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

The cell wall provides structural support and protection.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins? A) Ribosome B) Golgi apparatus C) Mitochondria D) Nucleus

A

B) Golgi apparatus

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19
Q

What is meant by the term ‘homeostasis’?

A

Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment.

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20
Q

True or False: Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the main function of the lysosome?

A

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic code is carried by __________.

A

DNA

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23
Q

What type of transport requires energy?

A

Active transport

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes does NOT require energy? A) Diffusion B) Endocytosis C) Exocytosis D) Active transport

A

A) Diffusion

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25
What is the role of the vacuole in plant cells?
The vacuole stores nutrients and waste products and helps maintain turgor pressure.
26
True or False: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis.
False
27
What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins.
28
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for regulating the passage of substances in and out of the nucleus.
nuclear membrane
29
What is the difference between a haploid and a diploid cell?
A haploid cell has one set of chromosomes, while a diploid cell has two sets.
30
Multiple Choice: Which process is used to produce ATP? A) Photosynthesis B) Fermentation C) Cellular respiration D) All of the above
D) All of the above
31
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
32
True or False: Bacteria can reproduce sexually.
False
33
What is the primary role of hormones in the body?
Hormones act as chemical messengers that regulate physiological processes.
34
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for producing hormones.
endocrine
35
What is the role of the skeletal system?
The skeletal system provides structure, support, and protection for the body.
36
Multiple Choice: Which part of the brain is responsible for coordination and balance? A) Cerebrum B) Cerebellum C) Brainstem D) Hypothalamus
B) Cerebellum
37
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
True
38
What is the main purpose of meiosis?
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half to produce gametes.
39
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the powerhouse of the cell.
mitochondria
40
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
The circulatory system transports nutrients, gases, and waste products throughout the body.
41
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange, primarily oxygen and carbon dioxide.
42
True or False: The heart is part of the respiratory system.
False
43
Fill in the blank: The process of breathing in is called ______.
inhalation
44
What is the name of the structure that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
45
What do the alveoli do?
They are the sites of gas exchange in the lungs.
46
Multiple choice: Which gas is primarily expelled during exhalation? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Nitrogen
B) Carbon Dioxide
47
What is the role of hemoglobin in the blood?
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
48
True or False: The trachea is also known as the windpipe.
True
49
What is the main organ of the respiratory system?
Lungs
50
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the flap that covers the trachea during swallowing.
epiglottis
51
Multiple choice: Which part of the brain regulates breathing? A) Cerebellum B) Medulla Oblongata C) Cerebrum
B) Medulla Oblongata
52
What is gas exchange?
The process of oxygen entering the blood and carbon dioxide being removed.
53
True or False: The left lung has three lobes.
False
54
What are the tiny hair-like structures that help filter the air in the respiratory tract called?
Cilia
55
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the main passageway for air to enter the lungs.
bronchus
56
What is the purpose of mucus in the respiratory system?
To trap dust and pathogens.
57
Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? A) Gas exchange B) Vocalization C) Digestion
C) Digestion
58
What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?
It contracts and moves downward to create a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs.
59
True or False: The right lung has two lobes.
False
60
Fill in the blank: ______ is the process by which oxygen is used to produce energy in cells.
Cellular respiration
61
What is asthma?
A condition that causes narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult.
62
Multiple choice: What can help reduce asthma symptoms? A) Exercise B) Smoking C) Allergen avoidance
C) Allergen avoidance
63
What is the function of the nasal cavity?
To warm, moisten, and filter the air before it enters the lungs.
64
True or False: The lungs are located in the abdominal cavity.
False
65
Fill in the blank: The ______ are the main branches that lead from the trachea to the lungs.
bronchi
66
What is the role of surfactant in the alveoli?
To reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse.
67
Multiple choice: Which of the following diseases is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways? A) COPD B) Diabetes C) Hypertension
A) COPD
68
What is the primary gas exchanged in the alveoli?
Oxygen
69
True or False: Carbon dioxide is more soluble in blood than oxygen.
True
70
Fill in the blank: The ______ is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs.
alveolar membrane
71
What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation?
It relaxes and moves upward.
72
Multiple choice: Which gas do the body's cells produce as a waste product? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Nitrogen
B) Carbon Dioxide
73
What is the main function of the larynx?
To produce sound and protect the trachea against food aspiration.
74
True or False: The respiratory system works independently from the circulatory system.
False
75
Fill in the blank: The ______ are the smallest air sacs in the lungs.
alveoli
76
What is the function of the pleura?
To provide lubrication and reduce friction between the lungs and chest wall.
77
Multiple choice: What is the name of the condition characterized by difficulty breathing? A) Dyspnea B) Apnea C) Tachypnea
A) Dyspnea
78
What is the role of the intercostal muscles?
To assist with the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during breathing.
79
True or False: Smoking can damage the alveoli.
True
80
Fill in the blank: The ______ system works closely with the respiratory system to transport oxygen.
circulatory
81
What is the primary component of the air we breathe?
Nitrogen
82
Multiple choice: Which of the following structures is responsible for sound production? A) Trachea B) Larynx C) Pharynx
B) Larynx
83
What is the term for the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation?
Expiratory reserve volume
84
True or False: The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries.
True
85
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the respiratory system that connects the throat to the lungs.
trachea
86
What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?
To supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.
87
Multiple choice: Which type of cell is primarily involved in gas exchange? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Platelets
A) Red blood cells
88
What is the role of the nasal septum?
To divide the nasal cavity into two nostrils.
89
True or False: The respiratory rate increases during exercise.
True
90
Fill in the blank: The ______ transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
pulmonary vein
91
What is ventilation?
The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
92
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a consequence of smoking? A) Improved lung function B) Increased risk of lung cancer C) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased risk of lung cancer
93
What is tidal volume?
The amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing.
94
True or False: The right lung is larger than the left lung.
True
95
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the area where the trachea branches into the bronchi.
carina
96
What are the primary muscles involved in breathing?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
97
Multiple choice: Which respiratory condition is characterized by a chronic cough and mucus production? A) Asthma B) Bronchitis C) Emphysema
B) Bronchitis
98
What is the purpose of the respiratory mucosa?
To trap and filter particles from the air.
99
True or False: The respiratory system has no role in regulating blood pH.
False
100
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the primary site of gas exchange in the lungs.
alveoli
101
What is the term for the inflammation of the bronchi?
Bronchitis
102
Multiple choice: Which structure prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing? A) Uvula B) Epiglottis C) Larynx
B) Epiglottis
103
What is the role of the pulmonary artery?
To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
104
True or False: The respiratory system does not interact with the digestive system.
False
105
Fill in the blank: The ______ is the muscle that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing.
diaphragm
106
What is the primary function of the bronchial tubes?
To transport air to and from the lungs.
107
Multiple choice: Which gas is primarily inhaled? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Argon
A) Oxygen
108
What condition occurs when the alveoli are damaged, leading to difficulty in breathing?
Emphysema
109
True or False: The respiratory system is responsible for the production of hormones.
False
110
Fill in the blank: The ______ helps to protect the lungs from infection.
immune system
111
What is the term for the exchange of gases in the tissues?
Internal respiration
112
Multiple choice: What is the purpose of the vocal cords? A) To filter air B) To produce sound C) To transport oxygen
B) To produce sound
113
What is hyperventilation?
Rapid or deep breathing that can lead to decreased carbon dioxide levels.
114
True or False: The respiratory system can help regulate body temperature.
True
115
Fill in the blank: The ______ helps to warm and humidify the air we breathe.
nasal cavity
116
What is the primary function of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
To facilitate gas exchange between blood and air.
117
Multiple choice: What is the largest part of the brain that regulates breathing? A) Cerebellum B) Brainstem C) Cerebrum
B) Brainstem

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