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Triple Science 21st Century > Biology B7 > Flashcards

Biology B7 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Provides movement at joints and maintains posture

A

Muscle

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2
Q

A framework of bone and cartilage supporting the body

A

Skeleton

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3
Q

Smooth, protective surface, covering the end of the bone, providing easy movement

A

Cartilage

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4
Q

Tough band of inelastic tissue, attaching muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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5
Q

Bands of tough elastic tissue holding bones togethe

A

Ligament

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6
Q

Lubricates and nourishes the tissue in the joint capsule

A

Synovial Fluid

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7
Q

This tissue lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid

A

Synovial Membrane

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8
Q

Muscles that work opposite eachother

A

Antagonistic pair

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9
Q

RICE Treatment

A

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

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10
Q

One circuit links the heart and lungs. The other circuit links the heart with the rest of the body

A

Double Circulatory System

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11
Q

Carry oxygen and haemoglobin. Biconcave structure, large surface area, no nucleus

A

Red Blood Cells

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12
Q

Engulf bacteria and prevent infection

A

White Blood Cells

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13
Q

Important in blood clotting

A

Platelets

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14
Q

Liquid that carries the blood components

A

Plasma

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15
Q

Prevents back-flow of blood

A

Valve

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16
Q

Carries blood away from the heart at a high pressure. Thick muscular wall

A

Artery

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17
Q

Joins arteries and veins. Wall is only one-cell thick to allow gas exchange

A

Capillary

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18
Q

Carries blood back to the heart. Blood is under less pressure, so thinner wall. Contains valves to stop back flow

A

Vein

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19
Q

Blood that is rich in carbon dioxide rather than oxygen on the way back to the heart

A

Deoxygenated blood

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20
Q

Blood that is rich in oxygen; pumped out of the right ventricle, towards the lungs

A

Oxygenated blood

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21
Q

Main vein from body, to heart

A

Vena Cava

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22
Q

Each of the two main chambers of the heart, left and right

A

Ventricle

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23
Q

Main artery to the body

A

Aorta

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24
Q

Artery to the lungs

A

Pulmonary Artery

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25
Veins from the lungs
Pulmonary Vein
26
Blood plasma is squeezed out of the capillary, and forms this. Allows cells in tissue to exchange substances in capillaries
Tissue Fluid
27
How substances move between tissue fluid and cells
Diffusion
28
Substances moving from tissue fluid into cells
Oxygen and Glucose
29
Substances moving from cells into tissue fluid
carbon dioxide and urea
30
Keeping a constant internal environment, by rebalancing and monitoring
Homeostasis
31
Mechanism enabling the body to keep a constant balance through homeostasis. If a variable rises the body counteracts to lower it
Negative feedback
32
Core Temp. above 40 degrees C, causing enzymes to become denatured
Hyperthermia
33
Core Temp below 32 degrees C.
Hypothermia
34
Blood vessels at the surface of the skin dilate, causing you to get cooler by taking blood closer to the surface
Vasodilation
35
Blood vessels constrict, causing the core temp. to increase by keeping blood away from the surface
Vasoconstriction
36
This region of the brain detects temperature change, by monitoring temp. of blood running through the brain
Hypothalamus
37
A way that the body keeps warm
Shivering
38
A way that the body cools down
Sweating
39
This gland controls blood sugar levels
Pancreas
40
A hormone produced in the pancreas
Insulin
41
Pancreas releases insulin. The liver turns glucose into glycogen which is stored
High Glucose levels
42
Pancreas releases glucagon. The liver turns glycogen into glucose, which is released into the blood
Low glucose levels
43
Pancreas doesn't produce any insulin. Early onset. Must take insulin injections
Type I diabetes
44
Caused by genetics, or obesity. Late onset. Must keep healthy lifestyle
Type II diabetes
45
These foods release sugar over time. Digested slowly
Complex carbohydrates
46
Meeting the needs of people today, without damaging resources for the future
Sustainable
47
'Take make dump' - Taking natural resources, making products, dumping waste
Linear System
48
A system that makes no waste; output from one part is the input of another
Closed Loop System
49
Anything that was living and is now dead
Dead Organic Matter
50
Organisms that feed on dead organisms and waste. e.g. earthworm
Detritivore
51
This reduces soil erosion; protects soil from direct rainfall, roots bind soil together
Vegetation
52
The different ways living systems provide for human needs
Ecosystem Services
53
When higher and higher concentrations of toxic chemicals/contaminants move up the foodchain
Bioaccumulation
54
Non-organic fertilisers wash off into rivers; Algal bloom occurs and aquatic plants/animals die
Eurtrophication
55
Break down slowly, plants can absorb them, they don't get washed away by rain
Organic Fertlizers
56
Mixture of hydrocarbons that takes millions of years to form from the decay of dead organisms
Crude Oil
57
Restocking/Replanting and use of quotas
Sustainable farming
58
Made from crops; a fuel derived directly from living matter
Biofuel
59
A forest that has never been cut down
Primary Forest
60
This leads to soil erosion, mud slides, and silt in rivers and to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
Deforestation
61
Rapid reproduction, plasmids, simple biochemistry, no ethical concerns
Bacteria
62
Industrial tank where micro-organisms are grown
Fermenter
63
This is needed to carry the gene into the cell. Bacterial plasmids are used as this
Vector
64
A gene from one organism is transferred to another and continues to work
Genetic modification
65
A gene from one organism is transferred to another and continues to work
DNA Profiling
66
Involves small structures, the same size as some molecules
Nanotechnology
67
Nanotechnology can be used in this industry to detect contaminants and increase shelf life
Food Industry
68
Applied in tissue and organ culture; can treat spinal tissue and leukaemia
Stem Cells
69
Replacing faulty heart valves
Biomedical engineering
70
An artificial device for stimulating and regulating the heart muscle
Pacemaker
71
Enzyme that breaks down protein, found in calf stomach. Fungi genetically modified to make this
Chymosin

Triple Science 21st Century (2 decks)

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