Biology Background Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the main objective of biochemistry?
To understand how chemical events in biological systems sustain life.
What are the two categories of cells?
- Prokaryotic cells: Primitive
- Eukaryotic cells: Evolved
What are the six elements of life in organic chemistry?
What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?
It is the repository of genetic information.
What process involves copying the sequence of bases from DNA to RNA?
Transcription
What are the key differences between RNA and DNA?
- RNA is usually single-stranded
- Thymine (T) in DNA is replaced by Uracil (U)
What is the flow of genetic information in living organisms known as?
Central Dogma
What type of molecule is RNA?
Single-stranded molecule
What are the types of RNA and their functions?
- mRNA: Carries genetic code from DNA
- rRNA: Core component of ribosomes
- tRNA: Translates mRNA into protein sequences
What is the structure of DNA?
A double-stranded polymer of nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C)
What is protein synthesis?
The process of DNA transcription to RNA and RNA translation into protein sequences via ribosomes.
Fill in the blank: The DNA contains all the information required for the cell to function, encoded in the order of four nucleotide bases: A, G, C, or _____.
T
What is the role of transcription in the flow of genetic information?
To copy the sequence of bases from DNA to RNA.
True or False: Eukaryotic cells are considered primitive.
False
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
Translates mRNA into protein sequences.
