biology-boy vs girl

Question 1

When does spermatogenesis begin in males?

Answer 1

Puberty.

Question 2

How long does spermatogenesis continue in males?

Answer 2

It continues indefinitely.

Question 3

When does oogenesis begin in females?

Answer 3

During fetal development.

Question 4

At which stage does oogenesis pause during fetal development?

Answer 4

Prophase I.

Question 5

When does oogenesis resume in females?

Answer 5

Each menstrual cycle.

Question 6

When does oogenesis fully complete in females?

Answer 6

Only if an egg is fertilized.

Question 7

In which structure does spermatogenesis occur in males?

Answer 7

In the seminiferous tubules.

Question 8

What is the purpose of mitosis in spermatogonia?

Answer 8

“Restocks” the cells to maintain their numbers.

Question 9

What are spermatogonia called after they commit to meiosis?

Answer 9

Spermatocytes.

Question 10

What cell type is produced after secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis II?

Answer 10

They become spermatids.

Question 10

What do primary spermatocytes become after completing meiosis I?

Answer 10

Secondary spermatocytes.

Question 11

How do spermatids transform into mature sperm cells?

Answer 11

Spermatids develop a tail and become spermatozoa (sperm cells).

Question 12

What are the two types of cells that support spermatogenesis in the testes?

Answer 12

Leydig (interstitial) cells and Sertoli cells.

Question 13

Where are Leydig cells located in the testes?

Answer 13

Between the seminiferous tubules.

Question 14

What hormone do Leydig cells produce in large amounts?

Answer 14

Testosterone.

Question 15

How does testosterone from Leydig cells affect spermatogenesis?

Answer 15

It stimulates spermatogenesis.

Question 16

Where are Sertoli cells located in the testes?

Answer 16

Within the seminiferous tubules.

Question 17

What is the role of Sertoli cells in relation to growing spermatocytes?

Answer 17

• Support the growth of spermatocytes
• Remove unnecessary waste.

Question 18

How do Sertoli cells contribute to testosterone levels in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 18

They help accumulate testosterone.

Question 19

What additional function do Sertoli cells have in relation to hormone regulation?

Answer 19

They produce hormones that provide feedback to the brain about spermatogenesis.

Question 20

Where are spermatozoa stored until ejaculation?

Answer 20

In the epididymis.

Question 21

What role does the seminal vesicle play in semen production?

Answer 21

• Produces 60% of the fluid in semen
• Contains fructose to fuel sperm and countering the vagina’s hostile environment.

Question 22

How does the prostate gland contribute to semen?

Answer 22

• Produces fluid that helps sperm survive in the vagina
• Makes semen less thick.

Question 23

What is the function of the bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland?

Answer 23

It produces a clear fluid (pre-ejaculate) to neutralize any residual urine in the urethra before ejaculation.

Question 24

What hormone does the hypothalamus release to initiate spermatogenesis?

Answer 24

Releases Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 25

Which two hormones does the pituitary gland release in response to GnRH?

Answer 25

- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - Luteinizing hormone (LH).

Question 26

What effect does LH have on Leydig cells in the testes?

Answer 26

LH causes Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Question 27

What is the role of Inhibin and Testosterone in the feedback loop with the brain?

Answer 27

Reduce the production of GnRH, FSH, and LH.

Question 28

During which phase does oogenesis pause again if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 28

Metaphase II.

Question 29

What are the two types of cells produced from meiosis I in oogenesis, and what happens to them?

Answer 29

- Large secondary oocyte (which continues to meiosis II) - Small polar body (which is typically destroyed).

Question 30

How many primary oocytes are typically chosen each cycle to continue meiosis?

Answer 30

Approximately 5.

Question 31

What are the groups of cells surrounding each primary oocyte called?

Answer 31

Follicles.

Question 32

What happens to the follicles that are not selected for ovulation?

Answer 32

They stop developing and instead support the chosen follicle.

Question 33

What is the structure formed by the remaining follicle cells in the ovary after ovulation?

Answer 33

Corpus luteum (secretes hormones).

Question 34

What effect do hormones have on the uterine lining during the early phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 34

Hormones cause the endometrium (uterine lining) to thicken.

Question 35

What role does the corpus luteum play after ovulation?

Answer 35

Signals the uterus to prepare and provide nutrients to support a fertilized oocyte.

Question 36

What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 36

It lasts only a few weeks, and then stops supporting the uterine lining, leading to menstruation.

Question 37

What prevents menstruation if a fertilized egg reaches the uterus?

Answer 37

The fertilized egg produces hormones that keep the corpus luteum active, maintaining the uterine lining.

Question 38

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce to stimulate the pituitary gland in females?

Answer 38

The hypothalamus produces Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 39

What effect does FSH have on the ovaries?

Answer 39

FSH causes follicles in the ovary to develop.

Question 40

What does the dominant follicle produce, and how does this hormone affect the menstrual cycle?

Answer 40

The dominant follicle produces estrogen, which stimulates endometrium growth and inhibits further FSH production by the pituitary.

Question 41

What is the role of progesterone released by the corpus luteum?

Answer 41

Progesterone promotes further endometrium development and inhibits the pituitary from creating additional follicles.