Biology Ch. 10 Vocabulary

Question 1

Functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

One of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location

Answer 2

Homologous Chromosome

Question 3

A haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg

Answer 3

Gamete

Question 4

Cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Answer 4

Haploid

Question 5

Process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2 chromosomes, with chromosomes from the female parent and chromosomes from the male parent

Answer 5

Fertilization

Question 6

Having two copies of each chromosome

Answer 6

Diploid

Question 7

Reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which diploid cell produces four haploid cells that are not genetically identical

Answer 7

Meiosis

Question 8

Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

Answer 8

Crossing over

Question 9

Science of heredity

Answer 9

Genetics

Question 10

Alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait

Answer 10

Allele

Question 11

Mendel’s name for a specific trait that appeared on the F1 generation

Answer 11

Dominant

Question 12

Mendel’s name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation

Answer 12

Recessive

Question 13

Organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait

Answer 13

Homozygous

Question 14

Organism with two different alleles for a specific trait

Answer 14

Heterozygous

Question 15

An organism’s allele pairs

Answer 15

Genotype

Question 16

Observable characteristic that is expressed as a result of an allele pair

Answer 16

Phenotype

Question 17

Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Answer 17

Law of segragation

Question 18

Organism heterozygous for a specific trait

Answer 18

Hybrid

Question 19

Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes

Answer 19

Law of independent assortment

Question 20

New combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment

Answer 20

Genetic recombination

Question 21

Having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes, which, in polyploid plants, can often result in greater size and better growth and survival

Answer 21

Polyploidy