Biology Chapter 12 Vocab.

Question 1

The scientific study of biological inheritance

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Answer 2

Fertilization

Question 3

Specific characteristic of an individual

Answer 3

Trait

Question 4

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

Answer 4

Hybrid

Question 5

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

One of different forms of a gene

Answer 6

Allele

Question 7

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Answer 7

Principle of Dominance

Question 8

Separation of alleles during gamete formation

Answer 8

Segregation

Question 9

Sex cell

Answer 9

Gamete

Question 10

the likelihood that a particular event will occur

Answer 10

probability

Question 11

Having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene

Answer 11

Homozygous

Question 12

Having 2 different alleles for a particular gene

Answer 12

Heterozygous

Question 13

Physical characteristics of an organism

Answer 13

Phenotype

Question 14

Genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 14

Genotype

Question 15

Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross

Answer 15

Punnett Square

Question 16

One of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Answer 16

Independent assortment

Question 17

cases in which one allele is not completely dominant over another

Answer 17

Incomplete dominance

Question 18

a situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are clearly expressed

Answer 18

Codominance

Question 19

a gene with more than 2 alleles

Answer 19

Multiple alleles

Question 20

traits controlled by two or more genes

Answer 20

Polygenic trait

Question 21

a cell with two sets of homologous chromosomes

Answer 21

Diploid

Question 22

term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set genes

Answer 22

Haploid

Question 23

a process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Answer 23

Meiosis

Question 24

Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis

Answer 24

Tetrad

Question 25

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Answer 25

Crossing over

Question 26

in chromosomes, one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent

Answer 26

Homologous