Biology Chapter 2

Question 1

neutral. basic unit of matter. contains subatomic particles. SMALL! Atoms have equal number of electrons and protons. Protons and Neutrons bind together to form the nucleus. Electrons orbit around the perimeter.

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

(+) Large and positively changed.

Answer 2

Protons

Question 3

Neutral. Large and no charge

Answer 3

Neutrons

Question 4

(-) Small and Negatively charged

Answer 4

Electrons

Question 5

pure substance. consists of ONE type of atom -number of protons in an atom=atomic number on periodic table (Ex: Carbon has 6 protons (6 electrons too) Atomic number is 6

Answer 5

Element

Question 6

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. Sum of protons and neutrons= mass number. Isotopes are identified by mass number (Ex: Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14)

Answer 6

Isotope

Question 7

How do you Identify Isotopes?

Answer 7

By the Mass Number

Question 8

substance formed by the combination of 2+ elements (Ex: H20) Atoms are connected by chemical bonds involving electrons available (Ionic and Covalent Bonds)

Answer 8

Chemical Compound

Question 9

formed when 1+ electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another

Answer 9

Ionic Bond

Question 10

Electrons are shared by atoms -2 electrons shared=single bond. 4 electrons shared=double bond 6 electrons shared=triple bond. End result of _______ is a molecule.

Answer 10

Covalent Bond

Question 11

What is water made up of?

Answer 11

2 Hydrogen 1 oxygen (H2o)

Question 12

molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed.

Answer 12

Polarity

Question 13

attraction between molecules of different substances

Answer 13

Cohesion

Question 14

Example of Cohesion

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

attraction between molecules of different substances

Answer 15

Adhesion

Question 16

Example of Adhesion

Answer 16

Capillary Action

Question 17

2+ elements that are mixed, but not chemically combined

Answer 17

Mixture

Question 18

mixture of water and non-dissolved substances

Answer 18

Suspensions

Question 19

Example of Suspensions

Answer 19

Blood

Question 20

mixture of 2+ substances in which the substances are evenly distributed

Answer 20

Solutions

Question 21

Example of Soultions

Answer 21

Salt Water

Question 22

-Below 7 -Have more H+ ions

Answer 22

Acid

Question 23

-Above 7 -Have more OH-ions

Answer 23

Base

Question 24

-7 -Equal number of H+ and OH-ions

Answer 24

Neutral

Question 25

Whats more acidic (Vinegar or Orange Juice)

Answer 25

Orange Juice

Question 26

study of all compounds that contain carbon -carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons- carbon atoms can bond to other carbon atoms

Answer 26

Organic Chemistry

Question 27

small units, are strung together in a process called polymerization to for macromolecules or polymers

Answer 27

Monomers

Question 28

Building Block of Carbohydrates

Answer 28

Monosaccharides

Question 29

Function of a Carbohydrate?

Answer 29

main source of energy for living things

Question 30

Examples of Carbohydrates

Answer 30

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 31

Building Blocks of Lipids (Fats)

Answer 31

glycerol, fatty acids

Question 32

Function of Lipids (Fats)

Answer 32

store energy, cushion organs, insulation, and form biological membranes

Question 33

have NO double bonds between the carbons

Answer 33

Saturated Fats

Question 34

have at least one double bond. -one bond=monounsaturated -2+ double bonds=polyunsaturated

Answer 34

Unsaturated Fats

Question 35

Building Blocks of Proteins

Answer 35

Amino Acids

Question 36

Function of Proteins

Answer 36

enzymes, hormones, storage ,transport, contractile, protective, membrane proteins, structural, toxins

Question 37

Example of Proteins

Answer 37

Meat

Question 38

Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids

Answer 38

Nucleotides

Question 39

Function of Nucleic Acids

Answer 39

store genetic information for all organisms

Question 40

Example of Nucleic Acids

Answer 40

DNA, RNA

Question 41

a process that changes a set of chemicals to another -always involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds

Answer 41

Chemical Reaction

Question 42

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Answer 42

Reactant

Question 43

element or compound produced by the chemical reaction.

Answer 43

Product

Question 44

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. work by lowering a reactions; activation energy.

Answer 44

Catalyst

Question 45

proteins that act as biological catalysts in living things. -Provide an active site where reactants can come together and react. -allow chemical reactions to happen quickly within our cells. -________ is just a catalyst, it doesn't participate in the reaction, and is not used up, it just helps things along.

Answer 45

Enzyme

Question 46

How are Enzymes like a lock and key?

Answer 46

each enzyme has a specific active site, shaped like a "lock," that only fits a particular substrate molecule, which acts like a "key