Biology Chapter 7 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Biology Chapter 7 Deck (24)
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1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

A process used by plants, algae, and some bacteria to turn light energy (along with water and carbon dioxide) into chemical energy

2
Q

Producers

A

The organisms in a food chain that produce the energy used by the rest of the ecosystem

3
Q

Chloroplasts are

A

The site of photosynthesis, usually found in the interior cells of leaves.

4
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A light absorbing pigment critical to the process of photosynthesis

5
Q

Stomata

A

Tiny pores in leaves where carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits.

6
Q

Simplified equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water–(light energy)–>Glucose + Oxygen Gas

7
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis and what happens in each?

A
  1. light reactions (convert solar energy to chemical energy)
  2. Calvin Cycle (uses the products of light reactions to make sugar)
8
Q

Carbon Fixation

A

The incorporation of carbon from the atmosphere into organic compounds

9
Q

How does deforestation contribute to Global Warming (Climate Change)?

A

It reduces the amount of plants available to absorb carbon from the atmosphere (therefore raising the carbon levels in the atmosphere)

10
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

The full range of radiation

11
Q

What colors of light drive photosynthesis?

A

blue-violet and red-orange

12
Q

Photosystem

A

A cluster of a few hundred pigment molecules that function as a light-gathering antenna.

13
Q

Describe the advantages of biofuels over fossil fuels.

A

They are more efficient and they are renewable.

14
Q

Describe the structure of chloroplasts and indicate where the chlorophyll molecules are located. Explain how carbon dioxide and oxygen move in and out of leaves.

A
15
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between the crests of two adjacent waves

16
Q

What colors of light are reflected and absorbed by an object that appears green?

A

Color is not a property that is inherent to objects, it is perceived by the colors of light that an object reflects.

An object that appears green would reflect green light, and absorb all other colors.

17
Q

Explain how Theodor Engelmann was able to determine that only certain wavelengths of light are used in photosynthesis.

A

Engellman performed an experiment where he placed freshwater algal cells and oxygen-sensitive bacteria on a slide, and then used a prism to separate the colors of the electromagnetic spectrum. He observed that the algae grew best in the red-orange and blue-violet parts of the spectrum/

18
Q

chlorophyll a

A
  • absorbs mainly blue-violet and red light and
  • participates directly in the light reactions.
19
Q

chlorophyll b

A
  • absorbs mainly blue and orange light and
  • participates indirectly in the light reactions.
20
Q

Carotenoids

A
  • absorb mainly blue-green light,
  • participate indirectly in the light reactions, and
  • absorb and dissipate excessive light energy that might damage chlorophyll.
21
Q

Explain how the energy of photons is transferred within a photosystem.

A
  • Electrons in the pigment gain energy.
  • As the electrons fall back to their ground state, energy is released as heat or light.
22
Q

C3 plants

A
  • use CO2 directly from the air and
  • are very common and widely distributed.
23
Q

C4 Plants

A
  • close their stomata to save water during hot and dry weather and
  • can still carry out photosynthesis.
24
Q

CAM plants

A
  • are adapted to very dry climates and
  • open their stomata only at night to conserve water.