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Science - 9E > Biology - Chapter 7 Study Guide > Flashcards

Biology - Chapter 7 Study Guide Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

2 things all microscopes have

A

magnifying lenses

light source

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2
Q

when was microscope invented

A

late 1500’s

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3
Q

who was robert hooke

A

looked at cork
discovered cell
named cell

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4
Q

who named cell

A

robert hooke

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5
Q

who was leeuwenhoek

A

took scrapings from mouth

saw and named animalcules

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6
Q

who discovered animalcules

A

leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

when were animalcules discovered

A

1670s

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8
Q

when were cells named

A

1860s

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9
Q

who were schleiden, schwann, and virchow

A

discovered cell theory

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10
Q

who discovered cell theory

A

schleiden, schwann, and virchow

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11
Q

when was cell theory discovered

A

late 1800s

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12
Q

3 parts of cell theory

A

all life is composed of cells
the cell is the basic unit of structure and function
all cells only come from preexisting cells

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13
Q

what is spontaneous abiogenesis

A

one cell appeared and all life came from it

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14
Q

difference between spontaneous abiogenesis and spontaneous generation

A 
sa = once, never happened again
sg = happens often
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15
Q

3 microscope problems

A

magnification
resolution
contrast

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16
Q

cure for magnification

A

change lenses

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17
Q

cure for resolution

A

change wavelength

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18
Q

cure for contrast

A

use stains

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19
Q

cell membrane use

A

holds cell together
controls entry/exit
isolates cell from environment
allows cellular interactions

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20
Q

makes up cell membrane

A

phospholipid

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21
Q

cytoplasm function

A

holds organelles

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22
Q

organelle function

A

specific functions

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23
Q

2 cell types

A

eukaryote

prokaryote

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24
Q

eukaryote

A

membrane

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25
prokaryote
non-membrane
26
nucleus function
control center
27
nucleus made of | what thats made of
``` nucleus = chromatin chromatin = DNA + protein ```
28
nucleolus function
ribosome production center
29
ribosome function
protein production center
30
ribosome location
stuck on rough ER | also loose in cytoplasm
31
ER
Transport system
32
rough ER function
transport proteins
33
smooth ER
produces phospholipid
34
golgi apparatus function
receives, sorts, packages, re-sends post office creates lysosomes
35
lysosome function
stomach of cell digest food and used-up organelles recycle cell suicide (apoptosis)
36
vacuole function
store food, water, OR waste
37
mitochondria
powerhouse | converts other energy into ATP
38
usable energy form
ATP
39
chloroplast function
photosynthesis
40
chloroplast location
only plant
41
living batteries
mitochondria + chloroplast | double membrane
42
cytoskeleton function
not organelle | support + strength
43
make up cytoskeleton
microfiliment + microtubules
44
microfiliment function
gives net-like support to other organelles
45
microtubule function
support, strength, stability, structure
46
centriole function
function + coordinate cell division
47
make up centriole
microtubules 9 groups of triplets no membrane
48
centriole location
near nucleus
49
cell wall function
strength + support
50
cell wall location
plant cells only
51
4 parts of cell wall
``` (Inside to outside) cell membrane secondary wall primary membrane middle lamella (glue between cells) ```
52
make up middle lamella
pectin
53
2 types of movement
passive + active transport
54
passive
no effort/energy required
55
simplest form of passive transport
diffusion | particles move from high to low concentration
56
Brownian Motion
constant particle movement
57
what is dynamic equilibrium
when all particles are equal + stop diffusing
58
does motion stop
NO | diffusion stops, molecular motion doesn't
59
what makes osmosis different
water | semi-permeable membrane
60
is evaporation osmosis
no
61
semi-permeable membrane
only certain things can get through | other things are held back
62
3 types of solutions
Hypotonic Hypertonic Isotonic
63
Definition of hypotonic
more water THAN other thing | more solvent, less solute
64
Definition of hypertonic
less water THAN other thing
65
Definition of isotonic
same amount of water in both
66
which way does water flow in an isotonic solution
both ways due to dynamic equilibrium and brownian motion
67
why don't our cells explode when we go in the water
active transport | pumps
68
lysis
cell rupture | animal cell
69
cell rupture
lysis
70
turgor
cell completely filled with water, but can't explode | Plant cell
71
plant cell full of water
turgor
72
Crenation
shrink due to lack of water animal cell
73
Shrinking animal cell
crenation
74
plasmosis
shrink pulls away from cell wall plant cell
75
shrink + pull away from cell wall
plasmosis
76
active transport
requires energy | particles move in wrong direction
77
pumps
counter diffusion
78
how are pumps like active sites
specialized for only specific ions
79
3 ways to move large things through membrane
phagocytosis pinocytosis exocytosis
80
phagocytosis
"cell eating" outside to inside goes out to get it membrane fuses around it + creates a vacuole around it
81
pseudopodia
fake feet | used in phagocytosis
82
pinocytosis
"cell drinking" outside to inside sucks in food membrane fuses + creates vacuole around it
83
2 forms of endocytosis
phagocytosis pinocytosis outside to inside
84
exocytosis
one form inside to outside reverse of pinocytosis vacuole releases food outside membrane

Science - 9E (4 decks)

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