Biology Core

Question 1

reproduce rapidly by splitting in half and release toxins which can make you feel unwell. Killed by antibiotics.

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

live and reproduce inside cells. Antibiotics do not kill them.

Answer 2

Virus

Question 3

An animal body’s system of defenses against agents that cause disease.

Answer 3

Immune System

Question 4

molecules released by white blood cells which destroy particular bacteria or viruses.

Answer 4

Antibodies

Question 5

a foreign molecule that can provoke an immune responce

Answer 5

Antigen

Question 6

an injection of dead or weakened pathogens which allows the body to create memory cells and antibodies against the disease.

Answer 6

Vaccination

Question 7

Looks like the drug but does not contain any active chimical of drug; decoy

Answer 7

Placebo

Question 8

Carry blood away from the heart at a high pressure

Answer 8

Artery

Question 9

In animals, a vessel that carries blood toward the heart.

Answer 9

Vein

Question 10

A microscopic blood vessel that consists of a single layer of cells that allows exchange of molecules

Answer 10

Capillary

Question 11

maintain a constant internal environment

Answer 11

Homeostasis

Question 12

group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 12

Species

Question 13

physical area in which an organism lives

Answer 13

Habitat

Question 14

any alteration that improves an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction

Answer 14

Adaptation

Question 15

model that shows many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem

Answer 15

Food web

Question 16

Process where plants make carbohydrate using sunlight, energy, CO2, water and chlorophyll.

Answer 16

Photosynthesis

Question 17

micro-organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which release enzymes onto dead material and cause it to be broken down

Answer 17

Decomposers

Question 18

A consumer that derives its energy and nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms; a decomposer.

Answer 18

Detritivor

Question 19

simplest sugar monomer, used in respiration

Answer 19

Glucose

Question 20

Photosynthesis removes CO2 from air, but is added into the air due to cellular respiration, volcanoes also release CO2 as do the burning of fossil fuels

Answer 20

Carbon cycle

Question 21

burning

Answer 21

Combustion

Question 22

is the releasing of energy from food, using energy or without oxygen.

Answer 22

Respiration

Question 23

The decaying of a dead organism

Answer 23

Decomposition

Question 24

natural process by which nitrogen, either from the atmosphere or from decomposed organic material, is converted by soil bacteria to compounds such as nitrates that can be assimilated by plants

Answer 24

Nitrogen Cycle

Question 25

salts containing the nitrate ion (consisting of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms) may be used as fertilisers, sometimes causing pollution of waterways

Answer 25

Nitrates

Question 26

bacteria vital to the nitrogen cycle, which change nitrogen from the air to nitrates in the soil, needed by plants

Answer 26

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Question 27

bacteria vital to the nitrogen cycle, which change nitrites in the soil into nitrogen

Answer 27

Denitrifying bacteria

Question 28

a non-living measure to the quality of an ecosystem, such as water temperature

Answer 28

Non-living indicator

Question 29

a species, the presence of which gives a measure of the quality of an environment, some species, such as the mayfly, are sensitive to pollutants and others tollerent

Answer 29

Living indicator

Question 30

Some species of floating, aquatic algae that can perform photosynthesis

Answer 30

phytoplankton

Question 31

Grows on trees and rocks and can be used as a living indicator for environmental change

Answer 31

Lichen

Question 32

Stretch of DNA that codes for a protein

Answer 32

Gene

Question 33

Code of bases that forms genetic material

Answer 33

DNA

Question 34

Structure of DNA

Answer 34

Double helix

Question 35

Tightly coiled DNA found in the nucleus

Answer 35

Chromosome

Question 36

Organisms with identical genes

Answer 36

Clones

Question 37

Unspecialised cell

Answer 37

Stem Cell

Question 38

made of dead bodies of plants or animals and preserved in soil or rock

Answer 38

Fossils

Question 39

The process by which species gradually change over time. may produce a new species

Answer 39

Evolution

Question 40

Change in the genetic code

Answer 40

Mutation

Question 41

to put things in a group according to features

Answer 41

Classify

Question 42

the number and variety of living things found in a habitat or ecosystem

Answer 42

Biodiversity

Question 43

using resources and the environment to meet the needs of people today without damaging Earth or reducing resources for people in the future

Answer 43

Sustainability

Question 44

Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell

Answer 44

Nucleus

Question 45

Darwin's theory that species change over time due to survival of the fittest

Answer 45

Natural Selection

Question 46

Different version of a gene

Answer 46

Allele

Question 47

An allele that expresses itself even if there is only one copy of it

Answer 47

Dominant

Question 48

An allele that needs two copies to be expressed

Answer 48

Recessive

Question 49

Have two versions of the same allele

Answer 49

Homozygous

Question 50

Having two different versions of the same allele

Answer 50

Heterozygous

Question 51

Someone who has the recessive allele for a characteristic or disease but who do not have the characteristic or disease itself

Answer 51

Carrier

Question 52

transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Answer 52

Inheritance

Question 53

Reproduction by a single organism producing offspring identical to itself

Answer 53

Asexual reproduction

Question 54

unspecialised and can develop into anything

Answer 54

Embryonic Stem Cell

Question 55

The information in an individual organism's genes.

Answer 55

Genotype

Question 56

The physical expression of an individuals genes

Answer 56

Phenotype

Question 57

A characteristic that is passed down from parent to offspring.

Answer 57

Inherited

Question 58

A genetic condition caused by an inherited dominant allele. The symptoms are late onset tremors, memory loss, inability to concentrate and mood changes.

Answer 58

Huntington's Disease

Question 59

A genetic condition caused by an inherited recessive allele. The symptoms are thick mucus, difficulty breathing, chest infections and difficulty digesting food.

Answer 59

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 60

Testing a population for a particular allele.

Answer 60

Genetic Screening

Question 61

A genetic test that gives a negative result even though the real result is positive

Answer 61

False Negative

Question 62

A genetic test that detects the presence of an allele when it is not in fact present.

Answer 62

False Positive

Question 63

Making decisions about the right and wrong way to behave.

Answer 63

Ethics

Question 64

Using drugs or a surgical procedure to end a pregnancy.

Answer 64

Termination

Question 65

a procedure where embryos are genetically tested before they are implanted into the mother during after in-vitro fertilisation in assisted reproductive technology.

Answer 65

Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)

Question 66

An unspecialised cell that can develop into many, but not all, types of cell.

Answer 66

Adult Stem Cell