Biology - End Of Year

Question 1

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 1

Where respiration takes place

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

Controls the cell and contains genetic material

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Barrier around the cell, controls what leaves and enters the cell

Question 4

What is the function of of cytoplasm?

Answer 4

‘Jelly-like’ substance where chemical reactions (in the cell) take place

Question 5

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 5

Provides support for the cell. Made out of cellulose making it rigid

Question 6

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 6

Keeps the cell firm. Contains watery liquid called cell sap.

Question 7

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 7

Where photosynthesis happens. Contains green pigment called chlorophyll

Question 8

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 8

Protein synthesis happens here

Question 9

Order of measurements

Answer 9

m (metre)
cm
mm 
Micro metre
nm

Question 10

To convert up you…

Answer 10

/1000

Question 11

To convert down you…

Answer 11

X 1000

Question 12

Definition of diffusion

Answer 12

Movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration, until equal.

Question 13

Definition of osmosis

Answer 13

Movement of water from an area of high to low concentration across a semi permeable membrane

Question 14

Function of root hair cell

Answer 14

Helps plants take up the water and mineral ions more efficiently

Question 15

Function of an Xylem cell

Answer 15

Transport tissue that carries water and mineral ions from roots to leafs

Question 16

Function of a phloem cell

Answer 16

Carries food made by photosynthesis around the plant

Question 17

Function of a nerve cell

Answer 17

Carry electrical impulses

Question 18

Function of a sperm cell

Answer 18

Fertilise with egg

Question 19

function of a muscle cell

Answer 19

Contract and relax in pairs to move bones

Question 20

What are the five things in a bacterial (prokaryotic) cell

Answer 20

Cell wall, cell membrane, single DNA loop, flagellum and plasmids

Question 21

Function of Plasmid

Answer 21

DNA molecule

Question 22

Function of flagellum

Answer 22

Allows the cell to move (tail)

Question 23

Function of slime capsule

Answer 23

Protect bacteria cell

Question 24

Steps of mitosis

Answer 24

DNA is replicating (interphase)
Chromosomes are lining up (interphase)
Chromosomes go to each side, split up (mitosis)
2 identical daughter cells (cytokines)

Question 25

~differentiate~

Answer 25

A stem cell can replicate itself or differentiate into many cell types

Question 26

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 26

We have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 in total). In each pair one is inherited from your mum the other from your dad

Question 27

What are the two types of stem cells?

Answer 27

Embryonic and adult

Question 28

Active transport is

Answer 28

When some particles are too big and have higher concentration so they can’t diffuse. AT picks up the particle and carries them across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.

Question 29

What is hypertonic?

Answer 29

Low concentration of water

Question 30

What is hypotonic?

Answer 30

High concentration of water

Question 31

What is isotonic?

Answer 31

The water level is equal