Biology End Of Years Year 9 Collegiate

Question 1

What is the nucleus?

Answer 1

The nucleus contains genetic instructions (DNA) which controls the cell’s activities

Question 2

What happens in ribosomes?

Answer 2

Protein synthesis, by linking amino acids

Question 3

What happens in mitochondria?

Answer 3

Respiration, to release energy for the cell to use

Question 4

What is the purpose of cytoplasm?

Answer 4

To hold organelles and to be the place where most chemical reactions happen

Question 5

What would be the substance used to show cheek cells more clearly?

Answer 5

Methylene blue

Question 6

What are the two focus wheels on a microscope called?

Answer 6

Coarse (for large adjustments) and fine focus (for minor adjustments)

Question 7

What is the formula to calculate magnification?

Answer 7

eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 8

What do chloroplasts contain that make them green?

Answer 8

Chlorophyll

Question 9

What is the purpose of a cellulose cell wall?

Answer 9

To strengthen the cell and provide support

Question 10

What is the purpose of a vacuole?

Answer 10

Storing cell sap to keep the cell rigid

Question 11

What is an object? (in microscope terms)

Answer 11

The real specimen that can be seen and touched

Question 12

What is an image? (in microscope terms)

Answer 12

A visual representation of the specimen (object)

Question 13

What is the definition of magnification?

Answer 13

How many times bigger the image is compared to the object

Question 14

What is the definition of resolution?

Answer 14

The ability to see two points that are close together, apart

Question 15

What is the formula to work out the size of the image?

Answer 15

I (mm) = A x M

Question 16

What does A stand for?

Answer 16

Size of actual object (micrometres)

Question 17

What does M stand for?

Answer 17

Magnification

Question 18

What is osmosis?

Answer 18

The net movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a water concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane until water equilibrium is reached

Question 19

How do you calculate % change?

Answer 19

(Change in mass / start mass) x 100

Question 20

What is the definition of hypotonic?

Answer 20

More water outside the cell than in the cytoplasm so there is less solute

Question 21

What is the definition of isotonic?

Answer 21

As much water outside the cell as in the cytoplasm

Question 22

What is the definition of hypertonic?

Answer 22

Less water outside the cell than in the cytoplasm so there is more solute

Question 23

What is the definition of active transport?

Answer 23

The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy from cellular respiration and protein carriers in the membrane

Question 24

Why can water move through cell membranes?

Answer 24

Because it is so small

Question 25

What 3 things do bacterial cells have that are different to plant cells?

Answer 25

Pili, flagella and a slime capsule

Question 26

Why do exchange surfaces feature a large surface area?

Answer 26

There is more surface so the rate of movement is faster

Question 27

Why do exchange surfaces feature a thin membrane?

Answer 27

So that there is a shorter diffusion distance

Question 28

Why is there always a moving blood supply near exchange surfaces?

Answer 28

It keeps a steep concentration gradient

Question 29

Why are exchange membranes moist?

Answer 29

It helps gases to diffuse faster

Question 30

What 4 elements do proteins contain?

Answer 30

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 31

What is the test for starch?

Answer 31

Iodine solution

Question 32

What colour does iodine solution turn if a starch is present?

Answer 32

Blue/black

Question 33

What is the test for sugar?

Answer 33

Benedict's

Question 34

What colour does Benedict's turn if sugar is present?

Answer 34

Brick red

Question 35

What is the test for protein?

Answer 35

Biuret's

Question 36

What colour does biuret's turn if protein is present?

Answer 36

Purple

Question 37

What is the test for lipids?

Answer 37

Ethanol

Question 38

What colour does the ethanol turn if lipids are present?

Answer 38

Milky white

Question 39

What are 4 functions of proteins?

Answer 39

1. Structural e.g. muscle, hair, nails 2. Biological catalysts - enzymes e.g. salivary amylase 3. Immune response - antibodies 4. Chemical messengers - hormones e.g. insulin

Question 40

What happens in the mouth?

Answer 40

Teeth break food into smaller chunks, saliva breaks the bonds of some food and the tongue helps to move the food done the oesophagus