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Exam Flash Cards > Biology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Biology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define biology

A

the study of life

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2
Q

What do all life forms share?

A

DNA, cells, evolutionary forces

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3
Q

What are the 8 organisms classified in?

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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4
Q

Define Zoology

A

the study of animals

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5
Q

Are sponges animals?

A

yes!

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6
Q

U.S. Endangered Species Act

A

1973, protects animals in danger of extinction

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7
Q

Define endangered species

A

imminent danger of extinction throughout its range

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8
Q

Define threatened species

A

likely to become endangered in the future

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9
Q

Define radial symmetry

A

any plane passing through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images

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10
Q

Define bilateral symmetry

A

only 1 plane passing lengthwise along the central axis creates a mirror image

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11
Q

Define diploblastic

A

body parts organized into layers derived from 2 embryonic tissues

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12
Q

Blind-sac body plan is?

A

body layout in which the mouth is the only permanent opening

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13
Q

What is triploblastic?

A

tissues derived from 3 embryological layers

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14
Q

Define triploblastic acoelomate

A

tissues derived from mesoderm, solid mass of cells, with no true body cavity

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15
Q

Define triploblastic pseudocoelomate

A

body cavity is not entirely lined by mesoderm, false body cavity

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16
Q

Define triploblastic coelomate

A

body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm, true body cavity

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17
Q

What separates protostomes from deuterostomes?

A

protostomes have spiral and determinate cleavage, while deuterostomes have radial and inter determinate cleavage

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18
Q

Define determinate cleavage

A

each cell in the blastula will become something, which was determined very early in the cell’s life

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19
Q

Define intermediate cleavage

A

fate of each cell is determined much later in the cells life

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20
Q

What category of protostomes molt, and which do not?

A

Ecdysozoan animals molt, Lophotrochozoan animals don’t

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21
Q

How are protostomes categorized, and how have they been previously?

A

Used to be type of coelom, now is molting or not

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22
Q

Define organic evolution

A

organisms change over time due to selective forces

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23
Q

Describe Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s theory

A

Theory of inheritance and acquired characteristics says that species are not constant and existing species are derived from pre-existing species

24
Q

Define allopatric speciation

A

occurs when populations are separated by geographical barriers

25
Q

Define sympatric speciation

A

gradual differences or other factors lead to a new species

26
Q

Define Phyletic Gradualism

A

evolutionary change is gradual, slow, and constant

27
Q

Define punctuated equilibrium

A

evolution occurs rapidly followed by stability with little change

28
Q

Describe protozoa

A

domain eukarya, polyphyletic, includes animals, plants, and fungi, unicellular

29
Q

Define ectoplasm

A

thick, clear, and firm

30
Q

What is endoplasm?

A

granular fluid

31
Q

Define cytopharynx

A

specialized region similar to a mouth

32
Q

How to protozoa move?

A

flagellum, cilia, or pseudopodia

33
Q

How do protozoa reproduce?

A

Asexual- binary fission

Sexual- zygotic meiosis

34
Q

Define conjugation

A

mutual exchange of micronuclei in a complex meiosis/mitosis process

35
Q

Describe Phylum Porifera

A

Sponges, aquatic (marine), 9000 species, asymmetrical, no true tissues

36
Q

What are the 3 forms of sponges?

A

Ascon (least complex), sycon, leucon (most complex)

37
Q

How do sponges reproduce?

A

they are monoecious, so they can release sperm and egg cells, some can also do asexual from fragmentation, regeneration, and gemmules

38
Q

Describe phylum cnidaria

A

jellyfish, hydra, anemones, and corals, 9000 species, marine, radial or biradial, can be poisonous

39
Q

Define aposematism

A

dangerous or noxious organisms advertise to potential predators (like bright colored frogs)

40
Q

Gastrovascular cavity

A

blind sac body plan, cavity with a single opening, basically a mouth and anus

41
Q

Define cnidocytes

A

used for defense, feeding, and attachment, not all sting

42
Q

Nematocysts

A

discharge tubes armed with spines and toxins or sticky structure to pull in prey

43
Q

Cnidaria body forms are:

A

polyp- asexual and sessile

medusa- dioecious and free-swimming, tentacles go down

44
Q

Define hydrostatic skeletion

A

water-filled cavity gives body shape and support

45
Q

Triploblastic classification

A

protostomes, primitive

deuterostomes, advanced

46
Q

Name the 5 phyla

A

acoelomorpha, Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, gastrotrichs, and cycliophora

47
Q

Describe Acoelomorpha

A

small, flattened, marine worms, fee-living, asexual and monoecious

48
Q

Describe flatworms

A

flattened, unsegmented, organ systems, blind body sac

49
Q

Describe turbellariia

A

Planarians, 3000 species, eye spots, free-living, osmoregulation, flame cells

50
Q

Monogenea

A

1000 species, aquatic, ectoparasites of fish

51
Q

Trematoba

A

10000 species, parasitic, attach with 2 suckers

52
Q

Tapeworms

A

3500 species, highly specialized, absorb nutrients through body wall

53
Q

Nemertea

A

Proboscis or ribbon worms, 900 species, free-living, marine, complete digestive tract, dioecious

54
Q

What is the importance of surface area?

A

more surface area = more efficient filtration and processing

55
Q

Describe gastrotrichs

A

cilia, forked tail, 500 aquatic species, acoelomate, monoecious, no larval stage

56
Q

Cycliophora

A

symbions, most recently described phylum, mouth of lobsters

Exam Flash Cards (6 decks)

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