Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Biology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Darwin’s theory of evolution is supported by many modern pieces of evidence. Circle all that apply.
a. New measurements of the age of the earth
b. An understanding of the mechanism of heredity
c. Human population growth
d. Comparative studies of animal structures
e. Similarities in DNA of related species

A

a. New measurements of the age of the earth
b. An understanding of the mechanism of heredity
e. Similarities in DNA of related species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Based on hierarchical levels of biological organization, which represents the broadest level?
a. Endocrine system
b. Three-toed sloths
c. School of piranhas
d. Amazon Basin
e. Jaguars, giant anteaters, macaws, capybaras

A

d. Amazon Basin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Experiments are carried out to test a hypothesis by changing one variable at a time and including an unchanged variable termed a/an:

a. Experimental variable
b. Altered variable
c. Control
d. Stable variable

A

C. Control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After Darwin concluded his voyage on the Beagle, he proposed that the process of natural selection was a mechanism for __________.
a. Artificial selection
b. Evolution
c. Sexual selection
d. Speciation
e. Overpopulation of finches on the Galapagos Islands

A

b. Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Although a computer is not alive, it shares which fundamental property of life?
a. Energy utilization
b. Cellular organization
c. Homeostasis
d. Reproduction
e. Heredity

A

A. Energy Utilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Darwin hypothesized that Galapagos finches ________________.
a. Had beaks that were adapted to allow them to eat local foods.
b. Had migrated from South America at least 14 times to account for the variation in
species.
c. Were hybrids of South American and African finches
d. Looked the same but had learned different behaviors that allowed them to eat different
foods.

A

A. had beaks that were adapted to allow them to eat local foods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Your microwave will not turn on, and you speculate that a circuit breaker in the house has been tripped. In scientific terminology, the steps you would take to figure this out would be described as _________.
a. Forming conclusions from the results of experiments
b. Developing an observation based on a hypothesis
c. Developing a hypothesis based on an observation
d. Testing a prediction generated from a hypothesis

A

c. Developing a hypothesis based on an observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The proposal that one type of organism can change gradually into another type over a long period of time is known as ______________.

a. Evolution
b. Natural history
c. Preconception
d. Preservation

A

a. Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Besides Darwin, the theory of evolution by means of natural selection was also independently proposed by ___________.
a. Alfred Wallace
b. Charles Lyell
c. Thomas Malthus
d. Karl Popper
e. Peter Raven

A

a. Alfred Wallace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The term that Darwin used to describe the concept that organisms with superior strength, behavior, or other attributes are more likely to survive and pass their traits to the next generation than those that are not so well endowed is called _______.
a. Biological diversity
b. Geometric progression
c. Natural selection
d. Superior beings
e. Survival of modifications

A

c. Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A key contribution to Darwin’s thinking was the concept of limits put on the geometric growth of populations by nature, originally proposed by __________.
a. Charles Lyell
b. Thomas Malthus
c. Karl Popper
d. Peter Raven
e. Russel Wallace

A

b. Thomas Malthus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Darwin’s book in which he described his views on evolution is __________.
a. Principles of Geology
b. On the Principle of Population
c. On the Origin of Species
d. Survival of the Fittest

A

c. On the Origin of Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In California, a species of salamanders were geographically separated over time. The group that lived in southern California relied heavily on large gold blotches on their skin that helped to camouflage them from predators. The group that lived along the coast adopted a color pattern that mimicked a poisonous, colorful newt common to that area. Instead of being camouflaged,
these salamanders advertised their colors. What type of selection process has occurred over time?
a. Artificial selection
b. Natural selection
c. Experimental selection
d. Theoretical selection

A

b. Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The same basic array of bones is modified to give rise to the wing of a bat and the fin of a porpoise. Such anatomical structures are called __________.
a. Analogous
b. Uniform
c. Homologous
d. Inherited
e. Evolutionary modifications

A

c. Homologous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Structures that have similar functions are said to be __________.
a. Homologous
b. Analogous
c. Inherited
d. Uniform
e. Evolved

A

b. Analogous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is the closest relative to a whale?
a. A shark
b. A hippopotamus
c. A goldfish
d. An eagle

A

b. A hippopotamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Differences in domesticated animals over relatively short periods of time most likely occur

through __________.
a. Natural selection
b. Adaptation
c. Evolution
d. Experimental selection
e. Artificial selection

A

e. Artificial selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The primary difference between fungi and animals is that fungi __________.
a. Digest their food externally
b. Are photosynthetic
c. Are multicellular
d. Have nucleic

A

a. Digest their food externally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Wings of birds and butterflies have similar functions, but different evolutionary origins. They are __________.
a. Homologous structures
b. Physiological structures
c. Phylogenetic structures
d. Analogous structures

A

d. Analogous structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

While you are riding the ski lift up to the top of the mountain on a very cold day, you start to shiver involuntarily. You know that the shivering is your bodyʹs attempt to help regulate your body temperature and is an example of which type of mechanism?
a. Energy utilization
b. Sensitivity
c. Homeostasis
d. Evolutionary adaptation

A

c. Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

You have been assigned to address a problem of overpopulation of species X in a nearby county. One of the members of your team suggests introducing species Y, which is a natural predator of species X, but not normally found in the area. After some discussion, you go ahead and introduce species Y. What aspects of the hierarchical organization may be affected within a period of a several years?
a. Population, species, community
b. Population, community
c. Population, species, community, biosphere
d. Organism, population, species

A

a. Population, species, community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

You have been assigned to analyze some extraterrestrial material recently collected from Mars. After examining a sample using a microscope, you jump up excitedly and shout to your colleagues that you have confirmed the existence of life on Mars. One of your colleagues takes a look at your sample and says she sees a single-celled “body” with little internal structure. Assuming that life on Mars can be classified into similar domains and kingdoms as Earth, to which domain or kingdom does your “blob” most likely belong?
a. Eukarya
b. Fungi
c. Protista
d. Archaea
e. Animalia

A

d. Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A plant and animal would be most similar at which level of organization?
a. Cell
b. Organelle
c. Tissue
d. Organ

A

b. Organelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does peer review influence the development of scientific theories?
a. Peer review allow other scientists to know what is current in their field
b. Careful evaluation of research results by other scientists ensures that only solid and legitimate reach results are published, and helps prevent faulty research or false claims from being viewed as scientific fact
c. Peer review increases competition among scientists and thus increases the quality of the published work.
d. Peer review makes it extremely difficult for wok to be published other than earth shattering scientific theories.

A

b. Careful evaluation of research results by other scientists ensures that only solid and legitimate reach results are published, and helps prevent faulty research or false claims from being viewed as scientific fact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Marceau is studying small single-celled organisms that lack nuclei. These organisms can be broadly classified into the domain __________.
a. Bacteria
b. Protista
c. Animalia
d. Fungi

A

a. Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Osmometer cells in the brain sense an increase in the salt concentration of plasma. This information is sent to the hypothalamus, which notifies the pituitary gland to release the hormone, ADH. ADH causes the kidney to save water, which lowers the salt concentration of the plasma. What characteristic of life does this overall pathway represent?
a. Cellular organization
b. Sensitivity
c. Energy utilization
d. Evolutionary adaptation
e. Homeostasis

A

e. Homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A beautiful wood desk you may do your homework on was once a living tree, but after being cut down its tissues died. Now, it only exhibits which of the following properties of life?
a. Growth, development, and reproduction
b. Homeostasis
c. Energy utilization
d. Organization

A

d. Organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The common ancestor that produced the most evolutionary derived characters is ______________.
a. 12
b. 9
c. 8
d. 6

A

d. 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The species that have had proportionally the most time to diverge are ____________.
a. R and D
b. F and Z
c. A and Z
d. F and R

A

b. F and Z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Matter is composed of __________.
a. Atoms
b. Energy
c. Mass
d. Molecules

A

a. Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

All atoms possess the ability to do work. The term that is defined as the ability to do work is ___________.
a. Matter
b. Energy
c. Molecules
d. Space

A

b. Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its __________.
a. Atomic number
b. Mass
c. Neutron number
d. Molecular number

A

a. Atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Isotopes that are unstable and decay when their nucleus breaks up into elements with lower atomic numbers, emitting significant amounts of energy in the process, are called __________.
a. Energetic
b. Ionic
c. Radioactive
d. Isometric

A

c. Radioactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Atoms containing a specific number of protons are called __________.
a. Minerals
b. Elements
c. Metals
d. Molecules

A

b. Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Bicarbonate ions in the blood can absorb hydrogen ions, keeping the pH balanced. Therefore, bicarbonate is acting as a __________ in the blood.
a. Buffer
b. Acid
c. Base
d. Alkaline

A

A. Buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Atomic nuclei contain protons and __________.
a. Isomers
b. Ions
c. Moles
d. Neutrons

A

d. Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are examples of __________.
a. Ions
b. Isotopes
c. Isomers
d. Molecules

A

b. Isotopes

38
Q

Negatively charged subatomic particles that have almost no mass are called __________.
a. Protons
b. Neutrons
c. Ions
d. Polymers

A

d. Polymers

39
Q

Atoms of a single element that possess different numbers of neutrons are called __________.
a. Polymers
b. Ions
c. Monomers
d. Isomers
e. Isotopes

A

b. Ions

40
Q

When atoms gain or lose electrons, they can become negatively or positively charged. These negatively or positively charged atoms are known as __________.

a. Isotopes
b. Ions
c. Isomers
d. Unstable atoms

A

b. Ions

41
Q

When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bonding is referred to as __________.
a. Ionic
b. Covalent
c. Unstable
d. Hydrogen

A

b. Covalent

42
Q

An atom has 20 electrons and 20 neutrons. What is the mass of this atom?
a. 10
b. 20
c. 40
d. 80

A

c. 40

43
Q

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of _______________.
a. Protons only
b. Neutrons only
c. Protons plus electrons
d. Protons plus neutrons
e. Neutrons plus electrons

A

a. Protons only

44
Q

Oxygen has an atomic mass of 16 and an atomic number of 8. How many neutrons are present?
a. 24
b. 8
c. 16
d. 4

A

b. 8

45
Q

Which element’s isotope is commonly used to determine when biological samples, such as fossils, were formed?
a. Oxygen
b. Hydrogen
c. Carbon
d. Nitrogen
e. Sulfur

A

c. Carbon

46
Q

Atoms in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons is known as
a. Valences
b. Ions
c. Isotopes
d. Isomers

A

b. Ions

47
Q

The area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found is the
a. Electrical space
b. Energy level
c. Polar space
d. Orbital

A

d. Orbital

48
Q

Regardless of its shape, a given orbital may contain no more than
a. One electron
b. Four electrons
c. Eight electrons
d. Two electrons

A

d. Two electrons

49
Q

Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the water molecule is
a. Hydrophobic
b. Hydrophilic
C. Nonpolar
d. lonic
e. Polar

A

e. Polar

50
Q

Water molecules are attracted to each other due to the opposite charges created by partial charge separations within the molecules. These attractions are called
a. Peptide bonds
b. Covalent bonds
c. Ionic bonds
d. Hydrogen bonds
e. Double bonds

A

d. Hydrogen bonds

51
Q

When water ionizes, it produces equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions that can re-associate with each other. The pH of water is
a. Three
b. Four
c. Five
d. Six
e. Seven

A

e. Seven

52
Q

As you and a friend are entering a chemistry laboratory at your university, you see a sign that states: DANGER–RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN USE. Your friend is an accounting major and has not had any science courses yet. She asks you what a radioactive isotope is and you respond correctly with
a. Radioactive isotopes are atoms that are unstable and as a result emit energy in a process called radioactive decay
b. Radioactive isotopes are atoms that are stable and as a result emit energy in a process called radioactive decay
c. Radioactive isotopes are atoms that are stable and as a result only emit energy if they are exposed to higher temperatures
d. Radioactive isotopes are atoms that are unstable but unless actively disturbed by some chemical process will remain intact and pose no problems

A

a. Radioactive isotopes are atoms that are unstable and as a result emit energy in a process called radioactive decay

53
Q

Which atomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus?
a. Electron
b. lon
c. Neutron
d. Proton
e. Isotope

A

c. Neutron

54
Q

The subatomic particle with a positive charge is
a. An electron
b. An ion
c. A neutron
d. A proton
e. An isotope

A

d. A proton

55
Q

The smallest subatomic particle of those listed below is the
a. Electron
b. lon
c. Isotope
d. Neutron
e. Proton

A

a. Electron

56
Q

An atom that is negatively charged because it has accepted an electron is a/an
a. Isomer
b. lon
C. Isotope
d. Monomer

A

b. lon

57
Q

You walk down into your basement to find that the carpeting on the floor is damp. Concerned, you look around for large puddles of water or broken pipes, but find none. In fact, only the basement floor and carpeting is damp. You realize that water must have wicked into the carpet from the floor by
a. Adhesion and cohesion
b. Adhesion and solubility
c. Adhesion, cohesion, and solubility
d. Cohesion and solubility

A

a. Adhesion and cohesion

58
Q

Why is it necessary to take special safety precautions when using radioactivity?
a. Radioactive substances will ionize cells.
b. Radioactive substances have the potential to cause damage to living cells.
c. Radioactive substances decay.
d. Radioactive substances will perforate plasma membranes.

A

b. Radioactive substances have the potential to cause damage to living cells.

59
Q

If water were nonpolar it would not form hydrogen bonds. At normal room temperatures this nonpolar water would be
A. gas
b. A liquid
c. A solid

A

A. gas

60
Q

A modified form of cellulose found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans is known as
a. Chitin
b. Starch
c. Amylose
d. Glycogen

A

a. Chitin

61
Q

These biological compounds are nonpolar and insoluble in water

a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
C. Proteins
d. Nucleic acids

A

b. Lipids

62
Q

The covalent bonds connecting monomer units in sugars can be formed by the removal of a water molecule. This reaction is referred to as
a. A hydrolysis reaction
b. An oxidation-reduction reaction
c. A dehydration reaction
d. A condensation reaction

A

c. A dehydration reaction

63
Q

High temperatures can cause proteins in a cell to denature. This can be reversed by heat shock proteins that function as
a. Chaperones
b. Catalysts
c. Ribosomes
d. Proteasomes
e. Polymerases

A

a. Chaperones

64
Q

Macromolecules that are used by most organisms to store hereditary information are called
a.Transfer RNA molecules
b. Messenger RNA molecules
C. Proteins
d. Ribosomal RNA molecules
e. DNA molecules

A

e. DNA molecules

65
Q

DNA and RNA contain functional units known as
a. Peptides
b. Enzymes
c. Amino acids
d. Nucleotides
e. Fatty acids

A

e. Fatty acids

66
Q

Carbohydrates are polymers formed of structural units called
a. Amino acids
b. Fatty acids
c. Nucleotides
d.Glycerol’s
e. Monosaccharides

A

e. Monosaccharides

67
Q

Proteins are polymers formed of structural units called a.
a. Fatty acids
b. Amino acids
c. Nucleotides
d. Phosphate groups
e. Monosaccharides

A

b. Amino acids

68
Q

Lipids are the only class of macromolecules that contain
a. Amino acids
b. Nucleotides
c. Fatty acids

A

c. Fatty acids

69
Q

The simplest and the most common monosaccharide is a six-carbon sugar called
a. Galactose
b. Lactose
c. Cellulose
d. Glucose
e. Sucrose

A

d. Glucose

70
Q

The biological macromolecule that is least soluble in water is a/an
a. Protein
b. Nucleic acid
c. Enzyme
d. lipid
e. Carbohydrate

A

d. lipid

71
Q

Three fatty acids bonded together with a glycerol are found in a/an
a. Alcohol
b. Enzyme
c. Phospholipid
d. Chlorophyll pigment
e. Triglyceride

A

e. Triglyceride

72
Q

Biological membranes contain bilayers containing mostly
a. Phospholipids
b. Oils
c. Prostaglandins
d.Triglycerides
e. Cholesterol

A

a. Phospholipids

73
Q

Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds in a
a. Phospholipid
b. Nucleic acid
c. Polysaccharide
d. Polypeptide
e.Starch

A

d. Polypeptide

74
Q

The information storage molecules of cells are called
a. Proteins
b. Phospholipids
c. Enzymes
d. Hormones
e. Nucleic acids

A

e. Nucleic acids

75
Q

are the nitrogenous base that is only found in DNA and it’s not in RNA is
a. adenine
b. cytosine
c. guanine
d. thymine
c. uracil

A

d. thymine

76
Q

A nucleic acid contains uracil, allowing you to conclude that
а. This nucleic acid is DNA
b. This nucleic acid is RNA
C. This nucleic acid could be either DNA or RNA

A

b. This nucleic acid is RNA

77
Q

Proteins are created with
a. Phosphodiester bonds
b. Peptide bonds
c. Triglycerides
d. Polysaccharides

A

b. Peptide bonds

78
Q

Phospholipids are made up of
a. A glycerol and three fatty acids
b. Four fused carbon rings
C. A phosphate, two fatty acids and a glycerol
d. Five-carbon rings with two nonpolar tails

A

C. A phosphate, two fatty acids and a glycerol

79
Q

Carbohydrates are composed of
а. Amino acids
b. Fatty acids and glycerol
c. Nucleotides
d. Monosaccharides

A

d. Monosaccharides

80
Q

Enzymes function to
a. React with other enzymes to form a product
b. Catalyze chemical reactions
c. Transport molecules and ions across membranes
d. Regulate messages between cells

A

b. Catalyze chemical reactions

81
Q

The types of bonds linking nucleotides in nucleic acids are
a. Phosphodiester bonds
b. Peptide bonds
c. lonic bonds
d. Nonpolar covalent bonds

A

a. Phosphodiester bonds

82
Q

Which of the following reactions is a dehydration reaction?
a. A+ HO -> B+ C
b. A+ B -> C +HO
c. A + B + H0 -> C
d. A - B + C+ H 20

A

b. A+ B -> C +HO

83
Q

Which of the following reactions is a hydrolysis reaction?
a. A + H20 -> 8 + C
b. A + B -> C+ H0

A

a. A + H20 -> 8 + C

84
Q

The DNA sequence capable of pairing with 5’ CGATTAGT 3’s is
a. 3’ GCTAATCA 5’
b. 3’ CGATTAGT 5’
c. 5’ GCTAATCA 3’
d. 5’ CGATTAGT 3’

A

a. 3’ GCTAATCA 5’

85
Q

You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the “amino end” and the “carboxyl end” of a macromolecule. Immediately, you know that they are talking about a
a. Carbohydrate
b. Protein
c. DNA
d. Lipid

A

b. Protein

86
Q

You arrive late to a biological seminar. However, just as you enter the room, you hear the speaker referring to the “five-prime end” and the “three-prime end” of a macromolecule.
Immediately, you know that they are talking about a
a. Carbohydrate
b. Protein
c. DNA
d. Lipid

A

c. DNA

87
Q

What type of monomer does ATP represent?
a. Monosaccharide
b. Amino acid
c. Nucleotide
d. Fatty acid
e. Glvcerol

A

c. Nucleotide

88
Q

Yogurt contains galactose and glucose, which are generated when bacterial enzymes act on milk sugars. What is the main source of the galactose in yogurt?
a. Maltose
b. Sucrose
c. Lactose
d. Fructose
e. Glycogen

A

c. Lactose

89
Q

Which type of RNA is used as a template for translation of proteins?
a. Messenger RNA
b. Ribosomal RNA
c. Transfer RNA
d. Micro RNA

A

a. Messenger RNA

90
Q

The function of chaperone proteins is to
a. Help proteins fold to their correct conformation
b. Facilitate the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
c. Hold together multiple polypeptide chains in a quaternary structure
d. Link together glucose monomers to form cellulose molecules

A

a. Help proteins fold to their correct conformation

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions