Biology Exam Term 1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
what is an organelle
an organelle is a subcellular structure inside of the cell with a special function
What is a eukaryotic cell
a eukaryotic cell is a large and complex cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Cell Membrane
Controls the movement- what enters and exits the cell
Ribosomes
Produces proteins for the cells
Mitochondria
Produces energy for the cell by respiration
Nucleus
Stores genetic information and controls cells activity
Cytoplasm
Has a jelly like fluid structure where chemical reactions take place
Prokaryotic cells
are smaller and simpler cells that do not have a nucleus and have a cell wall
Does the Prokaryotic cell have a nucleus
It does not it has a single loop of DNA not inclosed in the nucleus free in the cytoplasm
what is a flagella
flagella is a thin a long structure that helps the cell move around more easily
What is a slime capsule
a slimy outer layer that increases survival and helps the cell stick onto various surfaces
What is a cell wall made out of
it is made out of cellulose - a rigid structure that provides support for the cell
Chloroplasts
are green structures where photosynthesis takes place
Chlorophyll
a green chemical that absorbs sunlight
Vacuole
A large organelle that stores food, water and starch
What does cell differentiation mean
when a cell becomes specialised and carry’s out a particular function
Red blood cell ?
Function ?
Adaptation ?
Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body
It has a large surface area for oxygen to pass through it
Contains haemoglobin which joins with oxygen
Nerve Cell ?
Function ?
Adaptation ?
To carry nerve impulses to different part of the body
Long
Connections at each end
Can carry electrical Impulses
Root Hair Cell
Function ?
Adaptation ?
Absorbs water and minerals
Large surface area for more water absorption
Xylem Cell
Adaptation
Function
Transports water through the plant hollow in the centre, tubes are joined
Osmosis
Is the diffusion of water molecules into or out of the cell particles move from a high to low concentration it is a passive process
Osmosis Potato Practical
water would move into it and it will be swelled up because it has a low water concentration meaning that since osmosis will occur the water will move out from tube 2 since it has a high water concentration and will move from a high water concentration to a low water concentration and since the water will leave tube 2 it will shrink as the water moved out of it .Tube 2 will have a lower potential outside of it across a partially permeable membrane of the tube
