BIOLOGY F4 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OF BIOLOGY Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is biology?
- The word ‘Biology’ comes from Greek words, ‘Bio’ means life and ‘Logos’ means study
- Biology is a detailed study of living things in a natural environment
- Biology allows us to understand the structure and and function of organism, as well as the relationship and the interaction between organism with their environment
Give me all examples of biological research areas
- Microbiology - Study of microorganism
- Ecology - Study of interaction between organism and their environment
- Genetics - Study of inheritance and genetic variation
- Physiology - Study of functions and mechanisms in organisms
- Botany - Study of plant life
Give me all examples of ‘The Contribution of Biology in Daily Life’
- Medical - In vitro fertilisation, family planning, plastic surgery, gene therapy
- Pharmaceutical - Production of synthetic vitamins, vaccines, insulin and synthetic enzymes
- Food Production - Use of microorganisms in the production of cheese, soy sauce, tapai and tempe
- Agriculture - Transgenic crops and animals, hydroponic and aeroponic technology
Give me 2 careers that in biology
- Pharmacist
- Wild Biologist
What is the use of ‘Emergency Shower Station’?
Used when chemicals or hazardous substances come contact with the skin
What is the use of ‘Eye Wash Station’?
Used to wash the eyes when exposed to chemicals or hazardous substances
What is the use of ‘Fume Hood’?
To avoid breathing in hazardous gases like nitrogen dioxide, bromine and chlorine
What is the use of ‘Laminar Flow Cabinet’?
Provides a flow of filtered air for a clean work space in the ‘Laminar Flow Cabinat’
What is the use of ‘Biological Safety Cabinet’?
Provides and enclosed work space to study materials that have been ( or likely to have been ) contaminated by pathogens
What is the use of goggles?
To protect the eyes from hazardous chemicals
What is the use of face mask?
To protect against smoke, vapour and dust that can affect the respiratory system
What is the use of laboratory gloves?
To handle biological samples
What is the use of handwash?
To remove gems on hands
What is the use of lab coat?
To protect skin and clothe from dangerous chemical splashes
What is the use of lab shoes?
To prevent injury from glass shard and chemicals spill
What is the characteristic of substances that can be disposed into the sink?
- Chemicals with PH values 5-9
- Low concentration liquids and solutions that are harmless to user ( sucrose solution, dye solution, and distilled water )
What is the characteristics of substances that cannot be disposed into the sink?
- Organic solvents - Acetone, alcohol and benzene
- Substances that have PH values less than 5 or more than 9
- Chemicals - Acids, greases and oil
- Solid wastes - Chemicals, rubber, glass
- Heavy metals - Mercury
- Volatile substances
- Toxic substances
- Organic wastes - microorganisms, carcases
- Reactive substances
- Radioactive substances
What are the examples and how to handle Category A ( sharp wastes )
Examples: Sharp instruments such as syringes, needles, glass and scalpel and other sharp instruments that can cause injury
Management Method:
1. Placed into a special bin for sharp materials disposal
2. This bin does not have to be sterilised
What are the examples and how to manage Category B ( non - sharp wastes )
Examples: Biological wastes such as gloves, tissue paper, petri dishes, plastic culture container and hardened agar
Management Method:
1. Packed first in autoclave resistant biohazard plastic bag
2. Sterilised in autoclave for decontamination
3. Then placed into biohazard bin
4. Biohazard plastic bag cannot be thrown into regular bin
What are the examples and how to manage Category C ( animal carcases )
Examples: Animal carcases, organs and tissues
Management Method:
1. Wrapped carefully in absorbent materials ( such as tissue paper )
2. Packed carefully into biohazard plastic bag
3. Frozen
What are the examples and how to manage Category D ( liquids )
Examples: Broth culture and liquid medium such as blood
Management Method:
1. All biological liquid wastes must be decontaminated by autoclaving before disposal
2. Sterilised biological liquid wastes must be dispose immedietly
What are the steps to handle ‘General Chemical Spills?’
- Inform your teacher
- Declared the spill area as restricted area
- Prevent the chemical spill from spreading using sand
- Scoop up the chemical spill using appropriate equipments
- Dispose it safely
What are the steps to handle mercury spills?
- Inform teacher
- Declared the spill area as restricted area
- Sprinkled sulphur to cover the mercury spills
- Call the fire and rescue department
What are the clothing ethics?
Use lab coat, gloves, safety shoes and goggles when appropriate
