Biology Final

Question 1

splits the chromosome sets into new cells, forming the final products of meiosis: four haploid cells in which each chromosome has just one chromatid

Answer 1

Cytokinesis (Meiosis)

Question 2

the first stage in mitosis, during which the chromatin is formed into chromosomes which split into separate paired chromatids.

Answer 2

Prophase (Mitosis)

Question 3

an early stage of mitosis that begins when the nuclear envelope of a cell starts to break down and ends with chromosomal alignment between the spindle poles.

Answer 3

Metaphase (Mitosis)

Question 4

chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle.

Answer 4

Anaphase (Mitosis)

Question 5

spindle disappears and the nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes.

Answer 5

Telophase (Mitosis)

Question 6

Chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down; crossing-over occurs.

Answer 6

Prophase 1 (Meiosis)

Question 7

homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Answer 7

Anaphase 1 (Meiosis)

Question 8

the second division in meiosis in which chromatids of each chromosome are segregated equally into daughter cells.

Answer 8

Interphase 2 (Meiosis)

Question 9

sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Answer 9

Anaphase 2 (Meiosis)

Question 10

The nuclear membranes form again around the chromosomes, the spindle fibers break apart, and the cell undergoes cytokinesis.

Answer 10

Telophase 2 (Meiosis)

Question 11

the production of sperm cells

Answer 11

Spermatogenesis

Question 12

the production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum

Answer 12

oogenesis

Question 13

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Answer 13

Gene

Question 14

cell division that results in two identical daughter cells

Answer 14

Mitosis

Question 15

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

Answer 15

Meiosis

Question 16

A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei. The single cell then pinches in the middle to form two separate daughter cells each containing a full set of chromosomes within a nucleus.

Answer 16

Cytokinesis (Mitosis)

Question 17

chromosomes duplicate

Answer 17

Interphase (Meiosis)

Question 18

Paired homologous chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Answer 18

Metaphase 1 (Meiosis)

Question 19

The chromosomes reach the opposite end of cell and cytokinesis begins

Answer 19

Telophase 1 (Meiosis)

Question 20

Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

Answer 20

Metaphase 2 (Meiosis)

Question 21

one of a number of different forms of a gene

Answer 21

Allele

Question 22

a motion or orientation of a cell, organism, or part in response to an external stimulus.

Answer 22

Taxis

Question 23

change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information

Answer 23

Mutation

Question 24

movement of alleles from one population to another

Answer 24

Gene Flow

Question 25

random change in allele frequencies that occurs in populations

Answer 25

Genetic Drift

Question 26

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. (more fit)

Answer 26

Natural Selection

Question 27

1. Variation in traits among individuals (ex: fast vs. slow water buffalo) 2. Variation in traits must cause a variation in fitness (ex: fast survive to reproduce and are therefore fit) 3. The traits are heritable 4. Reproduction

Answer 27

Requirements of Natural Selection

Question 28

a behavior that is inherited rather than learned

Answer 28

Innate Behavior

Question 29

a behavior that has been learned from experience or observation.

Answer 29

Learned Behavior

Question 30

Agarose is something used for:

Answer 30

gel electrophoresis

Question 31

A person who is heterozygous for PTC tasting would display how many bands on a gel?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

DNA pieces of variable sizes can be separated and visualized using:

Answer 32

Gel electrophoresis

Question 33

You have a small amount of sample DNA that you need to run a lot of tests on. To do this, you need to increase the quantity of DNA you have. Which technique would you use to do this?

Answer 33

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 34

In a PCR reaction, which of the following will target and attach to the gene of interest to begin replication?

Answer 34

primers

Question 35

1-Cut DNA 2-Are made in nature by bacteria 3-Recognize 4 - 6bp sequences of DNA

Answer 35

Restriction enzymes:

Question 36

The source of DNA for our biotechnology lab will come from what type of cells in your body?

Answer 36

Cheek

Question 37

How many alleles do you have for the TAS2R38 gene?

Answer 37

2

Question 38

The difference between the TAS2R38 taster and non-taster allele is due to a one nucleotide difference between the alleles. We call this one nucleotide difference:

Answer 38

a single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 39

If you were to find someone else in the class who has all the same phenotypes as you, does that mean you match genotypically?

Answer 39

No, because dominant phenotypes can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Question 40

Why are men much more likely to suffer from color blindness than women?

Answer 40

Because it is passed down through the X chromosomes so if it is passed down to a man he will 100% have it compared to a women who have 2 x chromosomes.

Question 41

How are cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, effective at destroying cancerous cells?

Answer 41

They target cells that divide fast and thats is precisely what cancer does.