Biology final exam

Question 1

endangered species

Answer 1

face immediate extinction throughout all or most of its range

Question 2

Threatened species

Answer 2

likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future

Question 3

What is the main reason why organisms adapt to environmental changed?

Answer 3

Due to varying numbers of different alleles and relative frequencies of those alleles in populations and species cause change.

Question 4

What does higher genetic diversity mean?

Answer 4

more individuals will be able to survive changes in their ecosystem

Question 5

why was there a reintroduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park? How does the diversity of the ecosystem come into play?

Answer 5

there were too many elks in the park that were grazing on aspen trees so they introduced wolves to lower the elk count. When elk numbers decreased, there was an increase in tree count which led to more habitats for birds and beavers.

Question 6

What are the three direct values of biodiversity

Answer 6

medicinal, agricultural, consumptive use

Question 7

Medicinal

Answer 7

penicillin (antibiotic) is derived from a fungus

Question 8

Agricultural

Answer 8

biological pest control (predators/parasites) and high yield crops

Question 9

Consumptive use

Answer 9

wild fruit, vegetables, beeswax, seaweed, meat from the wild

Question 10

What are the two indirect values of biodiversity

Answer 10

Waste disposal and Ecotourism

Question 11

Waste disposal

Answer 11

using bacteria in wastewater treatment plants to eat up the poop sewage and produce healthy, clean water

Question 12

ecotourism

Answer 12

many people prefer to vacation in natural areas (pay for feeds, travel, lodging and food)

Question 13

What is population

Answer 13

includes all the organisms of the same species interacting with the environment in a particular area

Question 14

What is a community

Answer 14

consists of all various populations at a particular location

Question 15

What shape does a Exponential growth curve have

Answer 15

J-Shape curve

Question 16

What is an Exponential growth curve?

Answer 16

growth is accelerating

Question 17

What shape is a logistic growth?

Answer 17

S-shaped

Question 18

What is logistic growth curve?

Answer 18

rate of growth slows down

Question 19

What is the lag phase?

Answer 19

slow growth

Question 20

environmental resistance

Answer 20

population size levels off

Question 21

carrying capacity

Answer 21

number of individuals the environment can support

Question 22

Does logistic growth have a carrying capacity?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

stable equilibrium

Answer 23

little if any growth because births=deaths

Question 24

pollution

Answer 24

any environmental change that adversely affects the lives and health of living organisms

Question 25

What are the five types of pollution

Answer 25

acid deposition, eutrophication, ozone depletion, organic chemicals, climate change

Question 26

Where does Acid Deposition mainly come from?

Answer 26

power plants and auto exhaust

Question 27

What occurs during acid deposition?

Answer 27

Gases are converted to acids when combined with water vapor from atmosphere. Acids return to earth in rain.

Question 28

What does acid despoliation affect in the environment?

Answer 28

Weakens trees, increases susceptibility to disease and insects, decreases pH of water

Question 29

What is Eutrophication?

Answer 29

excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water

Question 30

Where is Eutrophication from?

Answer 30

runoff and wastewater

Question 31

How does Eutrophication affect the environment?

Answer 31

Algae overgrowth, abundance of decomposers which use up oxygen and kills fish

Question 32

What does the Ozone depletion protect Earth from?

Answer 32

harmful UV radiation

Question 33

What occurs in the Ozone depletion?

Answer 33

Release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere breaks down this protective ozone layer

Question 34

How does Ozone depletion affect the environment?

Answer 34

results in impaired growth of crops and trees, death of plankton that sustain ocean life, dramatic increases in skin cancer

Question 35

Where are organic chemicals used?

Answer 35

in pesticides, dishwashing detergents, cosmetics, plastic and spermicides

Question 36

What do organic chemicals mimic effects of?

Answer 36

hormones (endocrine disruptors)

Question 37

How can organic chemicals affect the environment?

Answer 37

salmon exposed to organic chemical unable to adapt to salt water

Question 38

What is climate change?

Answer 38

recent changes in Earths climate

Question 39

What is the major contributor of climate change?

Answer 39

global warming

Question 40

how does global warming affect the world?

Answer 40

through an increase in greenhouse gasses (CO2 and methane)

Question 41

How does climate change affect the environment?

Answer 41

results in rise of sea levels, animals stuck in warming climate may be unable to relocate

Question 42

What are the four different kinds of waste?

Answer 42

industrial waste, commercial waste, domestic waste and agricultural waste

Question 43

What is industrial waste?

Answer 43

Wastes generated in factories and industries that's dumped into bodies of water

Question 44

Examples of industrial waste

Answer 44

plastic and glass

Question 45

What is commercial waste

Answer 45

waste that's produced in schools, colleges, shops and offices

Question 46

What are examples of commercial waste?

Answer 46

paper and plastic

Question 47

What is domestic waste?

Answer 47

various household wastes generated from household activities (cooking, cleaning)

Question 48

Examples of domestic waste

Answer 48

leaves, vegetables, pee/poop

Question 49

What is agricultural waste?

Answer 49

Waste produced in agricultural fields

Question 50

examples of agricultural waste

Answer 50

cattle poop, weeds and husks