Biology Final Exam

Question 1

What is the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

What is also known as a body cell

Answer 2

Somatic Cell

Question 3

What is a specially designed typed of cell division

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

What is a single fertilized egg cell

Answer 4

Zygote

Question 5

What is a set that contains half the usual number of chromosomes

Answer 5

Haploid Set

Question 6

Who is the Father of Genetics

Answer 6

Gregor Mendel

Question 7

What are different forms of a gene for a particular trait

Answer 7

Alleles

Question 8

Two identical alleles

Answer 8

Homozygous

Question 9

Two different alleles

Answer 9

Heterozygous

Question 10

Dominant traits appear in the offspring even if an allele for a different trait is present

Answer 10

Law of Dominance

Question 11

The actual combination of alleles

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

The physical appearance of alleles

Answer 12

Phenotype

Question 13

Alleles for each trait separate randomly during the formation of alleles

Answer 13

Law of segregation

Question 14

Exchanging of alleles

Answer 14

Recombination

Question 15

Most genes influence not just one trait but several seemingly unrelated traits

Answer 15

Pleiotropy

Question 16

Involves traits controlled by many different genes

Answer 16

Polygenic Inheritance

Question 17

deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

Where is DNA stored

Answer 18

Chromatin

Question 19

Special molecules that make up DNA and RNA

Answer 19

nucleotides

Question 20

GCAT

Answer 20

Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine

Question 21

The process of DNA making a copy of itself

Answer 21

Replication

Question 22

What kind of RNA is used when a new protein is needed

Answer 22

mRNA

Question 23

Through What process is mRNA produced

Answer 23

Transcription

Question 24

What is a consecutive sequence of three nucleotides in the mRNA that translates into a specific amino acid

Answer 24

Codon

Question 25

Ribosomes are made up of proteins and...

Answer 25

rRNA

Question 26

Amino Acids are brought to the ribosome by molecules of...

Answer 26

tRNA

Question 27

What is the process of synthesizing proteins from the RNA pattern

Answer 27

Translation

Question 28

What are noncoding DNA sequences located within the genes

Answer 28

Introns

Question 29

What are the techniques of artificially modifying genes

Answer 29

Genetic Engineering

Question 30

What is the flexible, self-repairing membrane

Answer 30

Cell Membrane

Question 31

Rigid, box-like structure outside the cell membrane of plants

Answer 31

Cell Wall

Question 32

organelles suspended in the cytosol

Answer 32

Cytoplasm

Question 33

The fluid medium of the cell

Answer 33

Cytosol

Question 34

Complex network of hollow, rod-like girders and other fibers that extend throughout a cell

Answer 34

Cytoskeleton

Question 35

Pair of microtubule bundles found only in human and animal cells

Answer 35

Centrosome

Question 36

Powerhouse of the cell

Answer 36

Mitochondria

Question 37

green, oval-shaped organelles containing hundreds of flattened compartments

Answer 37

Chloroplasts

Question 38

Small organelles composed of protein and RNA

Answer 38

Ribosomes

Question 39

Stack of flattened, membrane-enclosed compartments

Answer 39

Golgi Apparatus

Question 40

One-way diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 40

Osmosis

Question 41

Long, harsh winters with freezing temperatures

Answer 41

Arctic Tundra

Question 42

Long, harsh winters with a longer summer and rarely permafrost

Answer 42

Northern Coniferous Forest

Question 43

extends from the east coast of the US to the border of the grasslands

Answer 43

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Question 44

Grass is the dominant vegetation

Answer 44

Grassland

Question 45

Not much rain, hot in day, cold at night

Answer 45

desert

Question 46

Hot and humid region with abundant rain

Answer 46

Tropical Rainforest

Question 47

This system is known as the skin

Answer 47

Integumentary System

Question 48

Egg White

Answer 48

Albumen

Question 49

invertebrate with a cylindrical body divided into many consecutive ring-like segments; also called annelids

Answer 49

segmented worms

Question 50

any of a group of worms with flattened bodies; also called platyhelminth

Answer 50

flatworm

Question 51

nonsegmented invertebrate with a long, slender body covered by a thin cuticle

Answer 51

Roundworms

Question 52

Body Parts of insects

Answer 52

Head, Thorax, Abdomen

Question 53

Wrote Origin of Species

Answer 53

Charles Darwin