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Biology > Biology Final S1 > Flashcards

Biology Final S1 Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Biology is the study of

A

Life

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2
Q

All organisms possess DNA. DNA

A

Contains information for growth and development

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3
Q

Instructions for traits that are passed from parents to offspring are known as

A

Genes

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4
Q

Homeostasis means

A

Keeping things the same

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5
Q

The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called

A

Cells

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6
Q

A hypothesis is

A

A testable possible explanation of an observation

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7
Q

A scientific theory

A

May be revised as new evidence is presented

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8
Q

Typically the order in which the steps of the scientific method are applied is

A

Observations
Hypothesis
Predictions
Controlled Testing
Verification
Theory

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9
Q

Atoms are composed of

A

Protons with a positive charge
Neutrons with no charge
Electrons with a negative charge

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10
Q

A substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(an)

A

Element

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11
Q

An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called a(an)

A

Ion

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12
Q

Refer to the graph above. Reaction 1 in the graph

A

All of the above

(- is an energy-storing reaction
- requires a greater activation energy than reation 2
- May use the same inital reactant condition needed to form product Y)

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13
Q

Refer to the graph: Reaction 3 in the graph

A

Probably occurred in the presence of a catalyst

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14
Q

Enzymes

A

Are biological catalysts

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15
Q

A water molecule is polar because its hydrogen and oxygen atoms

A

do not share the electrons equally

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a large biomolecule

A

Ice

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17
Q

Which of the following molecules are classified as carbohydrates

A

Sugars

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18
Q

Polysaccharides are

A

Carbohydrates

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19
Q

Refer to the illustration above. Molecule A is a

A

Carbohydrate

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20
Q

Plants store glucose in the form of

A

Starch

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21
Q

Lipids are

A

Used by the body for storing energy

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22
Q

Long chains of amino acids are found in

A

Proteins

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23
Q

The amino group of one amino acid is linked to the carboxyl group of another amino acid in a protein. This link is a(an)

A

Peptide Bond

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24
Q

Which of the following molecules are most closely related to nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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25
ATP stores energy in the bonds between its
Phosphate groups
26
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be
Created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
27
The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a(an)
Substrate
28
What is part of the cell theory?
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms
29
Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because
the cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes.
30
To function most efficiently, a cell's size must be
Small
31
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes do NOT have
A nucleus
32
Which cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA?
All cells
33
The genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins is
DNA
34
Only eukaryotic cells have
Membrane bound organelles
35
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?
Structure 2 (Nucleus)
36
Refer to the illustration above. In eukaryote cells, DNA is found in
Structure 2 (The nucleus)
37
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 2 is
The nucleus
38
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure produces vesicles filled with proteins?
Structure 1 (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
39
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 5 is
A Golgi Apparatus
40
Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses structure 3 to
use energy from organic compounds to make ATP
41
Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown is probably an animal cell because
It does not have a cell wall
42
The organelle that moves proteins and other substances through the cell is the
Endoplasmic Reticulum
43
The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins is the
Golgi Apparatus
44
A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain a large number of
Mitochondria
45
The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the
Chloroplasts
46
What level of organization is the small intestine?
Organ
47
What type of molecule forms the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
48
Phospholipids are molecules that have
One polar head Two nonpolar fatty acid tails
49
The interior of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane forms a nonpolar zone that
Repels ions and most polar molecules
50
Refer to the illustration above. the structure labeled A is composed of
Lipids
51
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled D is a(an)
Transport protein
52
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled C is a(an)
Cell surface marker (?)
53
Proteins in the cell membrane that identify the cell are called
Cell-surface Markers
54
The dispersal of ink in a beaker of water is an example of
Diffusion
55
Proteins that serve as tunnels for specific substances through the lipid bilayer are
Channel Proteins
56
Which of the following does not require energy?
Diffusion
57
The diffusion of water into or out of a cell is called
Osmosis
58
Unlike passive transport active transport
Requires energy
59
Both active and facilitated diffusion invove
carrier proteins
60
The sodium-potassium pump usually pumps
Potassium ions into the cell
61
Proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to move into a cell through diffusion or active transport move in by
Endocytosis
62
Molecules that are to large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by
Exocytosis
63
Removing materials from a cell in vesicles is called
Exocytosis
64
Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from the
Sun
65
Organisms that are NOT autotrophs
must consume other organisms to get energy
66
Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of
Photosynthesis
67
The carbon cycle makes carbon compounds continuously available in an ecosystem and delivers
Chemical energy to organisms within the ecosystem
68
ATP is composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and
Three phosphate groups
69
Chlorophyll is green because
It reflects green wavelengths of light
70
Because of photosynthesis
the atmosphere is rich in oxygen gas
71
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is
Water
72
During the final stage of photosythesis, sugars are produced from
Carbon dioxide
73
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis
increases until the light saturation point is reached
74
The process of cellular respiration
Is preformed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis
75
The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is?
Fermentation
76
Which of the following is NOT a reason cells divide?
Surface area-to-volume ratio becomes to large
77
In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by
Wrapping tightly around histones
78
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
G1 S G2 Mitosis Cytokinesis
79
Mitosis is the process by which
The nucleus is divided into two nuclei
80
Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram 1 is in
Anaphase
81
Refer to the illustration above. Mitosis begins with the stage shown in diagram
2
82
Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram 5 is in
Teleophase
83
In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is controlled by
Proteins
84
The cell cycle is monitored as each cell passes through
Checkpoints
85
Normal cells become cancer cells when
Cells do not respond to checkpoints
86
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for
The same traits
87
Separation of homologous occurs during
Meiosis I
88
Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the end of meiosis I?
E (?)
89
Which of the diagrams above depicts a cell at the end of meiosis II?
A (?)
90
The exchange of segments of DNA between the members of a pair of chromosomes
Acts as a source of variations within a species
91
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
Hereditary
92
An allele that is always expressed whenever it is present is called
Dominant
93
The law of segregation states that
Each gene of an organism ends up in a different gamete.
94
If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is
Homozygous for the trait
95
Refer to the illustration above. The child represented in box 1 in the Punnett square would
Be homozygous for freckles
96
Refer to the illustration above. The parents shown in the Punnet Square could have children with a phenotype ratio of
1:2:1
97
Refer to the illustration above. Which box in the Punnet square represents a child who does NOT have freckles?
Box 4 (ff)
98
Refer to the illustration above. The child in box 3 of the Punnet Square has the genotype
Ff
99
If a characteristic is sex-linked, the gene for it is found on
A sex chromosome
100
What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent, and an O allele from the other?
A

Biology (2 decks)

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