Biology Final semester 1

Question 1

List the 8 characteristics of life

Answer 1

1) composed of cells
2) Organization
3) Use Energy
4) Respond to Stimuli
5) Reproduce
6) Adapt to change
7) metabolism
8) requires energy

Question 2

the metric system is based on the powers of_____

Answer 2

10

Question 3

Define Variable

Answer 3

something that changes in an experiment

Question 4

Define Control

Answer 4

something that remains the same in an experiment

Question 5

Define Conclusion

Answer 5

the results of an experiment

Question 6

What was the impact of Hooke?

Answer 6

Discovered Cells

Question 7

What was the impact of Leewenhok?

Answer 7

Developed first microscope

Question 8

Define Cytoplasm

Answer 8

part of the cell between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope

Question 9

Define Cholorplast

Answer 9

makes energy for plant cells from the sun by photosynthesis

Question 10

Define Mitochondria

Answer 10

powerhouse of the cell. Where ATP is made

Question 11

Define Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 11

network of tubelike structures that act to transport materials

Question 12

Define Ribosome

Answer 12

sited of protein synthesis (round structures on surface of ER)

Question 13

Define Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

Storage and secretion of chemicals from cell. Ships proteins to proper places after being made in ribosomes

Question 14

Define Nucleus

Answer 14

contains genetic information, copies DNA (control center of the cell)

Question 15

What is the composition of the cell membrane?

Answer 15

composed of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates

Question 16

Function of the cell membrane

Answer 16

regulates what enters and exits the cell

Question 17

Define diffusion

Answer 17

movements of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy

Question 18

Define osmosis

Answer 18

movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 19

Define Active Transport

Answer 19

proteins in plasma membrane use energy to pump substances across the membrane

Question 20

During the process of transcription, DNA serves as a template for making _______.

Answer 20

RNA

Question 21

Watson and Crick determined that DNA was in the shape of a ________.

Answer 21

Double helix

Question 22

Thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine are classified as __________.

Answer 22

Nitrogen bases

Question 23

The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is called _________.

Answer 23

DNA Replication

Question 24

_______ brings the amino acid to the ribosomes for assembly.

Answer 24

tRNA

Question 25

The process of concerting RNA code into an amino acid sequence is called ___________.

Answer 25

Protein Synthesis

Question 26

Proteins are made up of ______.

Answer 26

Amino Acids

Question 27

Proteins are made in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas DNA is found only in the _______.

Answer 27

Nucleus

Question 28

______ carries information from the DNA in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm of the cell

Answer 28

mRNA

Question 29

mRNA carries the information for making proteins to the ________.

Answer 29

ribosomes

Question 30

Define prophase

Answer 30

The chromosomes condense and turn into 2-strand chromatids

Question 31

Define metaphase

Answer 31

The chromosomes align at the center of the cell (equatorial plate) and each chromosome is attached to the spindle fiber

Question 32

Define anaphase

Answer 32

The chromatids (1 strand) separate and the centromere divides, where each single strand chromatid ascends to opposite poles of the cell (polar ascension)

Question 33

Define telophase

Answer 33

The cellular membrane cleaves and the nuclear membrane appears again and the asters turn into centromeres once again

Question 34

Define Meiosis

Answer 34

The process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from diploid to haploid, leading to the production of gametes in animals and spores in plants.

Question 35

Define Cancer

Answer 35

Any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites.

Question 36

Define Interphase

Answer 36

The stage of a cell between two successive mitotic or meiotic divisions.

Question 37

Who is the father of genetics?

Answer 37

Gregory Mendel

Question 38

What is the study of heredity?

Answer 38

genetics

Question 39

Law of Segregation

Answer 39

members of each pair of alleles separate when gametes are formed

Question 40

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 40

pairs of alleles separate independent of each other during gamete formation

Question 41

Which group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve?

Answer 41

bacteria

Question 42

which era is the longest in the Geologic Time Scale?

Answer 42

Paleozoic

Question 43

Which era do we live in?

Answer 43

cenozoic

Question 44

Natural selection can be best defined as________________...

Answer 44

only the organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics in increasing numbers to succeeding generations while those less adapted tend to be eliminated. According to Darwin's theory

Question 45

Who is the father of evolution?

Answer 45

Darwin