biology grade 10: sem 1st Flashcards
about scientific method, naming species, ecosystems, and ect (43 cards)
What is the first step of the scientific method?
The first step is to make an observation or ask a question.
What is a hypothesis in the scientific method?
A hypothesis is a testable prediction based on prior knowledge or observations.
How do you test a hypothesis?
You test a hypothesis by conducting an experiment or gathering data to support or refute it.
What is a control group in an experiment?
A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or variable being tested, used for comparison.
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world, while a hypothesis is a testable prediction.
What is binomial nomenclature?
Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming species using two parts: the genus name and the species name (e.g., Homo sapiens).
What does the genus name in binomial nomenclature represent?
The genus name represents a group of closely related species.
How are species names written in scientific notation?
The genus name is capitalized, the species name is lowercase, and both are italicized or underlined.
What is a producer in an ecosystem?
A producer is an organism that makes its own food, typically through photosynthesis (e.g., plants).
A producer is an organism that makes its own food, typically through photosynthesis (e.g., plants).
A consumer is an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms (e.g., herbivores, carnivores, omnivores).
What is a decomposer?
A decomposer breaks down dead organic material and recycles nutrients into the ecosystem (e.g., fungi, bacteria).
What are the main trophic levels in an ecosystem?
The main trophic levels are producers (plants), primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and tertiary consumers (top predators).
What is the role of decomposers in the food chain?
Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil, completing the cycle.
What is a food chain?
A food chain is a linear sequence showing how energy and nutrients flow from one organism to another in an ecosystem.
What does each step in a food chain represent?
Each step represents a trophic level, where energy is transferred from one organism to another.
What are the main stages of the water cycle?
The main stages are evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
How does evaporation occur in the water cycle?
Evaporation occurs when water is heated by the sun and changes from liquid to gas.
What is the carbon cycle?
The carbon cycle is the process through which carbon atoms are cycled between the atmosphere, land, plants, animals, and ocean.
How do plants contribute to the carbon cycle?
Plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and convert it into glucose.
What is nitrogen fixation?
Nitrogen fixation is the process where certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas from the atmosphere into ammonia, which plants can use.
What role do nitrifying bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?
Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates, which plants can absorb.
What is the phosphorus cycle?
The phosphorus cycle involves the movement of phosphorus through the soil, water, and living organisms, without a gaseous phase.
How do plants acquire phosphorus?
Plants absorb phosphate ions from the soil, which are essential for growth.
What is the sulfur cycle?
The sulfur cycle is the movement of sulfur through the atmosphere, soil, and organisms, often through processes like volcanic activity and decomposition.
