Biology - Hormones

Question 1

What are the layers of the epidermis? (from superficial to deep)

Answer 1

COME ON LETS GET SUNBURNT

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

Question 2

What are the major waste products of the kidneys - in urine?

Answer 2

H+, Urea, NH3, K+

Question 3

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 3

Osteoblasts BUILD bone using calcium concentration in the blood to deposit into bones

Question 4

What are Osteoclasts?

Answer 4

Osteoclasts (C for chew up) the calcium in bones for reabsorption into the bloodstream

Question 5

What is the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone?

Answer 5

Released from: hypothalamus in response to puberty

Acts on: anterior pituitary causing secretion of FSH and LH

Question 6

What is the Growth hormone releasing hormone?

Answer 6

Released from: Hypothalamus

Acts on: Anterior Pituitary and causes secretion on GH

Question 7

What is thyroid releasing hormone?

Answer 7

Released from: hypothalamus

Acts on: anterior pituitary causing secretion of TSH

Question 8

What is the corticotrophin - releasing factor?

Answer 8

Released from: hypothalamus

Acts on: anterior pituitary and releases ACTH

Question 9

What is prolactin - inhibiting factor aka dopamine?

Answer 9

Released from: hypothalamus (always)

Acts on: anterior pituitary to inhibit prolactin secretion

Question 10

What is follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 10

Released from: anterior pituitary in response to GnRH

Acts on: gonads

Question 11

What is luteinizing hormone?

Answer 11

Released from: antenor pituitary in response to GnRH

Acts on: Gonads

Question 12

What’s growth hormone?

Answer 12

Released from: anterior pituitary in response to GnRH

Acts on: muscles and bones - causes growth, raises blood glucose

Question 13

What is thyroid-stimulating hommore?

Answer 13

Released from: anterior pituitary in response to TRH

Acts on: thyroid to cause secretion of T3 and T4

Question 14

What is adrenocorticotropic hormone?

Answer 14

Released from: anterior pituitary in response to corticotropin releasing factor
Acts on: adrenal cortex and causes release of cortisol

Question 15

What is prolactin?

Answer 15

Released from: anterior pituitary due to reduced PIF or dopamine
Acts on breasts to stimulate milk production and secretion

Question 16

What is antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 16

Also known as ADH or vasopressin
Released from: posterior pituitary when osmolarity is HIGH
Acts on: kidneys to cause increased water absorption and often increases blood pressure

Question 17

What is oxytocin?

Answer 17

Released from: posterior pituitary

Acts on: uterus to induce contractions and pleasure feelings

Question 18

What is calcitonin?

Answer 18

Released by thyroid C cells

Acts to decrease blood calcium concentration

Question 19

What is Parathyroid hormone?

Answer 19

Released from: parathyroid

Acts to increase blood calcium concentration by promoting reabsorption of calcium into blood from bones

Question 20

What is Glucagon?

Answer 20

Released from ALPHA pancreas cells in response to low blood sugar
Acts on BLOOD to break down glycogen and inhibit protein production to raise blood sugar. Causes feelings of hunger, promotes glyconeogenesis and releases fatty acids from adipose cells into the bloodstream

Question 21

What is insulin?

Answer 21

Released from BETA pancreas cells in response to high blood sugar
Acts on the blood to facilitate the storage of glucose into glycogen to lower blood sugar

Question 22

What is somatostatin?

Answer 22

Released from pancreas and inhibits both insulin and glucagon

Question 23

What is aldosterone?

Answer 23

Released from adrenal cortex in response to ANGIOTENSIN II
Acts on distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct - increase sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, also pulling water into bloodstream , increasing blood volume/pressure

Question 24

Where is estrogen released from?

Answer 24

Adrenal cortex

Question 25

Where is progesterone released from?

Answer 25

Adrenal cortex

Question 26

Where is testosterone released from?

Answer 26

Adrenal cortex

Question 27

What is epinephrine?

Answer 27

Released from the adrenal medulla Acts on the liver and muscle and promotes glycogenesis in liver to increase blood sugar and glucose in muscles - increases basal metabolism

Question 28

What is norepinephrine?

Answer 28

Released from the adrenal medulla, acts on liver and muscle promotes same as epinephrine but excess leads to mania, not enough leads to depression

Question 29

What is thyroxine (T4)?

Answer 29

Released from Thyroid in response to TSH Acts on the small intestine, blood to create slower, longer lasting effects on metabolism. Clears cholesterol from plasma and increases absorption on small intestine

Question 30

What is Glucocorticoid?

Answer 30

Released from the adrenal cortex in response to stress into the BLOOD Stimulates the fight of flight response by rapidly mobilizing glucose from the liver to the bloodstream

Question 31

What is Trilodothyronine (T3)?

Answer 31

Released from Thyroid in response to TSH Acts on small intestine and blood (rapid and shorter effects on metabolism), derived from T4 and clears cholesterol and helps glucose absorption from small intestine

Question 32

What is Ghrelin?

Answer 32

Releases from stomach when a meal is coming | Acts by increasing appetite and releasing orexin

Question 33

What is Orexin?

Answer 33

Released from Stomach as a result of Ghrelin | Cases increased appetite and alertness

Question 34

What is Leptin?

Answer 34

Released from fat cells | Acts on Orexin to decrease appetite by SUPPRESSING Orexin production

Question 35

What is Secretin?

Answer 35

Released from the duodenum to act on the pancreas | Slows mobility in the small intestine to allow digestive enzymes to act on chyme

Question 36

What is Cholecytokinin?

Answer 36

Released from duodenum as a result of AAs and fats entering the duodenum Acts on the brain and pancreas to stimulate the release of BILE and pancreatic juices, promotes satiety and feeling “full”