Biology hormones p2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Where are the Endocrine glands found
Pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes
What does thyroid produce
It produces thyroxine which is involved in regulating things like rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature
What does the adrenal gland produce
It produces adrenaline
What does the pancreas produce
It’s produces insulin which is used to regulate the blood glucose level
What does the testes produce
Testosterone which controls puberty and sperm production
What does the ovaries produce
It produces oestrogen which is involved in the menstrual cycle
What are nerves
They have a very fast action, act for a very short time, act on a very precise area
What are hormones
They act for a long time act in a more general way and have a slower action
What controls blood glucose levels
Glucagon and insulin
What can excess glucose be stored as
Glycogen in the liver and in the muscles
What is added if blood glucose level was too high
Insulin
What is added if blood glucose level is too low
Glucagon
What 4 hormones is the menstrual cycle controlled by
FSH, Oestrogen , LH, progesterone
What is FSH
It is produced in the pituitary gland and it causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries and it stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
What is Oestrogen
Produced in the ovaries, Causes the lining of the uterus to grow and stimulates the release of LH and inhibits the release of FSH
What is LH
It is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of an egg at day 14
What is progesterone
Produced in the ovaries by the remains of the follicle after ovulation and maintains the lining of the uterus during second half of the cycle and it inhibits the release of LH and FSH
What is the pill containing oestrogen and progesterone called
Combined oral contraceptive pill. And it is used to stop you from getting pregnant
What is a contraceptive
It is what stops you from getting pregnant
What can FSH and LH be given to do
FSH and LH can be given to stimulate ovulation it increases fertility however it doesn’t always work, it’s expensive, and too many eggs could be stimulated which could result in unexpected multiple pregnancies
What is IVF
It involves collecting eggs from ovaries and fertilising them in a lab using a mans sperm. The fertilised eggs are then transferred into human embryos in a lab and once the embryos are tiny balls of cells, 1 or 2 of them are transferred into the women’s uterus increasing the chance of pregnancy
What are the disadvantages of IVF
It can cause multiple births, the success rate is low about 26% in the UK, it is stressful and upsetting, and some women may have a strong reaction to the hormones
Why are some people against IVF
The process results in unused embryos that are eventually destroyed so some people think that it is unethical because each embryo is a potential human life and the genetic testing of embryos also raises ethical issues because it could lead to a selection of preferred characteristics such as gender or eyecolour
Where is the thyroxine gland
In the neck
