Biology Lab Quiz #6 - Classification Flashcards
(24 cards)
Define taxonomy.
The act of identifying, naming, and classifying species.
Who is the “Father of Taxonomy”? (Loosely)
Carolus Linnaeus.
What is a taxonomic hierarchy?
A description of organisms in an ordered sequence of progressively smaller categories.
List the order of taxonomic classification from broadest to most specific.
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What are the three domains in the Three-Domain system of classification?
1) Bacteria
2) Archaea
3) Eukaryotes
What are the Three Main Kingdoms besides the Protists?
1) Kingdom Fungi
2) Kingdom Plantae
3) Kingdom Animalia
List the taxonomic hierarchy for a tiger.
1) Domain: Eukarya
2) Kingdom: Animalia
3) Phylum: Chordata
4) Class: Mammalia
5) Order: Carnivora
6) Family: Felidae
7) Genus: Panthera
8: Species: Panthera Tigris
Define phylogenetics.
The study of evolutionary history through common ancestry and phylogenies.
What are phylogenies?
Evolutionary trees or Cladograms.
What is Cladistics?
A new method for examining phylogenetic relationships based on branching evolution being the primary mode of descent with modification. Seeks to describe monophyletic groups
Define cladogenesis.
The belief that branching evolution was the prominent mode of descent with modification.
Define monophyletic groups.
Groups which consist of a single taxon and all of its descendants
What are the main traits of a cladogram?
The branching species are not labeled and the branch lengths are not indicative of anything in particular.
Define characters.
The discrete, observable features of organisms.
What are character states?
The different forms or appearances of a character.
What is a character matrix?
A table detailing the character states for multiple organisms.
What are the technical terms for primitive and derived traits?
1) Primitive - Plesiomorphic
2) Derived - Apomorphic
What is a synapomorphy?
A shared, derived characteristic.
What is a symplesiomorphy?
A shared, primitive character.
What is an outgroup and an ingroup?
Outgroup - A closely related taxon not within the group in question.
Ingroup - The group in question.
What are analogous traits?
The result of convergent evolution to bring a similar feature to different species with no common ancestor.
What is a secondarily lost trait?
Where a descendant from a common ancestor loses one of the traits of the ancestor.
What is a nested hierarchy?
A branching tree with common ancestor.
What is baraminology?
The study of created kinds based on morphological information and the text of Scripture.
