Biology Leap Flashcards by Bronson Diamond

Q

What is the structure of DNA? Draw it out.

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are stem cells and cell differentiatoin?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are enzymes?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is DNA transcription? Draw it.

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is DNA translation? Draw it.

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is DNA replication?
What are the chemicals involved?

A

It is when
Topoisomerase
Helicase
Primase
Polymerase
Ligase

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Explain the process of DNA to Protein/Trait synthesis.

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Explain Protein Folding, structure, and how it relates to their function.

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is the cell cycle?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is mitosis?
What are the phases of mitosis?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is meiosis?
What are the similarities and didfferences from mitosis?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is:
Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Episteisis
A polygenic trait

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Explain how to use a pedigree.

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Explain sex linked traits on the X chromosome.
Are males or females more at risk of being affected by these traits?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is a mutation?
What are the 3 categories?
What are silent, missense, and nonsense mutations?
Fill in the blank: Only mutations in the _____ can be passed down.
Explain:
Substitution
Frameshift mutations (including insertion and deletion)
Inversion & Translocation

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Explain how meiosis can lead to geneticf diversity.

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is:
Haploid/Diploid
The difference between gametes and zygotes

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are:
Viruses
Bacteria
The difference between the 2
Draw each one

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are the ways that viruses and bacteria can reproduce

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What is:
Non-specific immune response
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity
Autoimmune disease

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

How can viruses and bacteria be prevented?

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are:
Specialized Cells
Tissues
Organs
organ systems
organisms

And explain the hiearchial organization of organisms.

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

What are these types of tissue:
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

A

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Each type of specialized tissue plays a _____

Study These Flashcards

A

Higher level organizations can consist of _____ smaller level organizatoins

Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems may ______ to perform a specific function.

What is homeostasis? What is positive and negative feedback and their roles?

What are these systems: Digestive Excretory Itegumentary Respiratory Muscular Skeletal Lymphatic/Immune Endocrine Reproductive Nervous Cardiovascular

The strucutre of cells can be related to their ____. Give an example of this.

What are these organelles of eukaryotic cells? Nucleus Ribosome Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Vesicle Cell membrane Cytoskeleton Mitochondria Lysosome PLANT CELLS: cell wall

What is the difference between Eukaryotic plant and animal cells? What is the difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane?

What are: Capillaries Arteries Veins

What are the shapes: Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla What are: Pseudopods, cilia, flagellum Protists, achaea, fungi

What is: * Diffusion * Passive trasnportation Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transportation Endocytosis What is the definition of "against/with the concentration gradient"? Draw these out.

In the cell membrane, what is the role of: Small polar/nonpolar molecules **Phospholipid bilayer:** Cholesterol **Membrane-spanning proteins** Carbohydrate chains Peripheral proteins Clycoproteins:

The membrane of a cell is _____ permeable.

Why is the surface area of a cell important in regards to transportation of molecules?

What is: Osmosis Solution & solvent Isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions Where does each type and water love to rush to? Draw this out

What is: Receptor Hypothalamus (control center) Effector Hormones What is the order of negatively homeostatic processes?

What is the composition and role of: Carbs Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Draw all of these out

Explain 5 prime and 3 prime

What is ATP and how does it work? What are the 3 processes of how cells get it?

Explain and draw the 3 steps of cellular respiratoin and get their main idea. **(keep it simple)** 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb's/Citric acid Cycle 3. Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis What are the main inputs and outputs of the whole thing and of each step? Explain how aerobic and anaerobic respiration are different.

What is fermentation? What are the 2 types? How do they work? (KEEP IT SIMPLE) What are the main inputs and outputs of the whole thing?

What is photosynthesis? What is it's role? What are the inputs and outputs? What is chlorophyll?

What are the 2 cycles of photosynthesis? How do they work? What are the inputs and outputs of the whole thing and how do they work? (KEEP IT SIMPLE)

What is a: Controlled experiment Dependent variable Independent variable Controlled variable Control/controlled group Manipulated variable

What is evolution?

Terrestrial vertebrates evolved from ____ Whales evolved from _____ Birds descended from ______

Explain and draw how to read and get info from a: Phylogenetic tree Cladogram

Give me a few examples of how organisms can be compared to see if they're related.

What are these developmental homolgies? Notochord Dorsal (back of the body side) hollow nerve cord Pharyngeal slits Postanal tail

What is a vestigial strucutre?

What are these mechanisms of evolution: Natural selectoin Genetic drift (explain bottlneck effect and founder effect) Mutations Sexual selection Gene flow/migration

What is artificial selection/selective breeding?

What is mimcry?

What are these types of selection? Draw them on paper, and give examples of them. Stabilizing selection Directional selection Disruptive selection

What is speciation? What are these 2 mechanisms of speciation? Geographic isolation Reproductive isolation

Explain these factors that must be presetn for speciation to happen: Genetic variation Compeittion Individuals with beneficial adaptations Natural selction