Biology Mock Flashcards
(23 cards)
Downside to using stem cells in medical treatment
Transfers viral infections
Functions of small intestine
- Produce digestive enzymes
- Digests food
- Absorbs soluble food molecules
Where amylase produced
Small intestine, pancreas
Solution for protein tests
Biuret solution
Where do waste products move out of the cells and into the blood?
Capillaries
What does haemoglobin do?
Binds with oxygen in the blood
What are statins?
Drugs that can be taken to decrease blood cholesterol levels
What do stents do?
Keep coronary arteries open
What is translocation?
The process by which food produced in photosynthesis is transported from the leaves to the growing regions of plants and storage organs
Which layer of a leaf contains many air spaces, which help with gas exchange throughout the leaf?
Spongy Mesophyll
Process by which plants take up mineral ions
active transport
What are phloem and xylem?
Plant vessels
What are fungi made of?
hyphae
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the chemical reactions that happen in an organism
Microscope steps
1) Use the less powerful objective lens to focus on the specimen due to wider field of view and ease of focus
2) Use course adjustment knob to focus roughly on the image, then switch to fine adjustment knob to get a clear image
3) Then swap to a higher powered lens to produce a more magnified image
4) Make scale measurements by placing a transparent ruler under the microscope to measure field of view
What is microscope field of view?
The circular area you see through the lens
Why should you start with a low power lens when using a microscope?
It might be difficult to locate individual cells if you start off with too high a power lens, but a low power lens gives you an overall picture of the layout of the cells. It can also be easier to count cells
When should you increase lens power in a microscope experiment?
After you have made notes/observations/sketches from the lower power lens view.
What to use for sugar test?
Benedict’s solution
What to use for fats test?
Add to ethanol and water; cloudiness means fat is present
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
Steps to drug development
1) Research and identify possible medicines
2) Tests to find ways of making medicines
3) Pre-clinical trial: Animal cells used to test essential criteria for drug (eg effectiveness)
4) Animal Testing
5) Testing on healthy volunteers
6) Test on patients
7) Final tests and licensing
8) Clinical trial for research (post-licensing)
What is photosynthesis?
Process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using light energy
