BIOLOGY MOCK Flashcards
practice (138 cards)
1
Q
what is digestion
A
The breaking down of food molecules into smaller ones that are body can absorb
2
Q
what is chemical digestion
A
Breaking down food molecules with enzymes
3
Q
what is peristalsis
A
The muscles working together to produce a wave like contraction that squeeze through the gut
4
Q
what is amylase and what does it do?
A
Amylase is an enzyme that brakes down carbohydrates(starch) into glucose
5
Q
where can you find carbohydrates
A
Carbohydrates can be found in bread, pasta , rice and potatoes
6
Q
what is diffusion
A
Movement of particles from i high concentration to a low concentration (without energy)
7
Q
Where can you find fats
A
Fats can be found in dairy,oil and meat
8
Q
What does the large intestines do
A
The large intestines is an organ that reabsorbs from food
9
Q
A
10
Q
What is the basic unit of life?
A
The cell
11
Q
True or False: Tissues are made up of similar cells that perform a specific function.
A
True
12
Q
Fill in the blank: Organs are made up of __________.
A
Tissues
13
Q
What is the function of the heart?
A
To pump blood throughout the body
14
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue? A) Muscle B) Nervous C) Bone D) Organ
A
D) Organ
15
Q
What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?
A
Epithelial tissue
16
Q
True or False: The digestive system is an example of an organ system.
A
True
17
Q
What is the primary function of muscle tissue?
A
To facilitate movement
18
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for transporting nutrients and oxygen in the body.
A
Circulatory
19
Q
Multiple Choice: Which organ is part of the respiratory system? A) Liver B) Stomach C) Lungs D) Kidney
A
C) Lungs
20
Q
What are the three main types of muscle tissue?
A
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
21
Q
True or False: The nervous system helps in the coordination of body functions.
A
True
22
Q
What is the role of connective tissue?
A
To support, bind, and protect other tissues
23
Q
Fill in the blank: The __________ system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
A
Nervous
24
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organs is part of the excretory system? A) Heart B) Lungs C) Kidneys D) Stomach
A
C) Kidneys
25
What is the function of the skeletal system?
To provide structure and support to the body
26
True or False: All cells in the body have the same structure and function.
False
27
What is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function called?
An organ system
28
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for hormone production and regulation.
Endocrine
29
Multiple Choice: Which organ is primarily involved in digestion? A) Lungs B) Heart C) Stomach D) Brain
C) Stomach
30
What type of tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical signals?
Nervous tissue
31
True or False: The integumentary system includes the skin and its appendages.
True
32
What are the four main types of tissues in the human body?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
33
Fill in the blank: The __________ system is responsible for protecting the body from infection.
Immune
34
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? A) Detoxification B) Bile production C) Blood filtration D) Hormone secretion
D) Hormone secretion
35
What is the primary role of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange
36
What is the definition of pathogens?
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.
37
True or False: Bacteria are the only type of pathogen.
False
38
Name one type of virus.
Influenza virus
39
What are the two main types of immunity?
Innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
40
Fill in the blank: Vaccines stimulate the _____ system.
immune
41
What is the role of white blood cells?
White blood cells help to fight infections and protect the body.
42
How do antibiotics work?
Antibiotics kill bacteria or inhibit their growth.
43
True or False: Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.
False
44
What is herd immunity?
Herd immunity occurs when a large percentage of a population is vaccinated, reducing the spread of disease.
45
What is the function of the immune system?
The immune system protects the body from pathogens.
46
Name a way pathogens can be transmitted.
Through direct contact, air, water, or vectors.
47
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity is developed through exposure to a pathogen, while passive immunity is provided through antibodies from another source.
48
Fill in the blank: The body’s first line of defense includes _____ barriers.
physical and chemical
49
What type of pathogen causes malaria?
Protozoa
50
True or False: Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a pathogen.
True
51
What is the purpose of inflammation?
Inflammation is a response to injury or infection that helps to isolate and eliminate pathogens.
52
Name one symptom of infection.
Fever
53
What is an antigen?
An antigen is a substance that triggers an immune response.
54
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of the immune system that produces antibodies.
B lymphocyte
55
What is the main function of T cells?
T cells destroy infected host cells and help regulate the immune response.
56
True or False: All bacteria are harmful.
False
57
What is the role of phagocytes?
Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens.
58
Name one vector that can transmit diseases.
Mosquito
59
What is the significance of the lymphatic system in immunity?
The lymphatic system helps transport white blood cells and remove pathogens.
60
Fill in the blank: The _____ response is the body's specific response to a pathogen.
adaptive
61
What is an example of a chronic infection?
HIV/AIDS
62
What does the term 'zoonotic disease' mean?
A zoonotic disease is an infection that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
63
What is bioenergetics?
The study of energy flow through living systems.
64
What is the primary source of energy for plants?
Sunlight.
65
What process do plants use to convert sunlight into energy?
Photosynthesis.
66
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
67
True or False: Respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose.
True.
68
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
69
What are the two types of respiration?
Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
70
Fill in the blank: Aerobic respiration requires ______.
Oxygen.
71
What is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration in animals?
Lactic acid.
72
What is the byproduct of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
73
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
To absorb light energy.
74
What is the function of stomata in plants?
To allow gas exchange.
75
True or False: Plants can perform photosynthesis at night.
False.
76
What is the significance of ATP in cells?
It acts as an energy currency for cellular processes.
77
What is the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
Increases to an optimal temperature, then decreases.
78
What is the limiting factor in photosynthesis?
Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, or temperature.
79
Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy in cells is called ______.
Respiration.
80
What is one advantage of aerobic respiration over anaerobic respiration?
It produces more ATP.
81
What happens to lactic acid in the body after exercise?
It is converted back to glucose in the liver.
82
What is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide into glucose called?
Photosynthesis.
83
True or False: Glucose can be stored in plants as starch.
True.
84
How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Higher light intensity increases the rate up to a certain point.
85
What is the primary role of mitochondria in cells?
To produce ATP through respiration.
86
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
87
Fill in the blank: Photosynthesis occurs in the ______ of plant cells.
Chloroplasts.
88
What is the importance of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
89
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell
90
True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.
True
91
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
92
Fill in the blank: Prokaryotic cells do not have a __________.
nucleus
93
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell
94
Name one structure found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Chloroplasts
95
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
96
What is the function of ribosomes?
To synthesize proteins
97
True or False: The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell.
True
98
What is the role of the nucleus?
To store genetic material and control cell activities
99
Fill in the blank: The rigid __________ surrounds plant cells.
cell wall
100
What is the function of chloroplasts?
To conduct photosynthesis
101
Which type of cell contains membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
102
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
103
True or False: Diffusion requires energy.
False
104
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
To allow cells to grow and divide
105
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
106
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which a cell divides its nucleus.
Mitosis
107
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize proteins and lipids
108
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids
109
True or False: Lysosomes contain enzymes to break down waste materials.
True
110
What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
To store nutrients and maintain turgor pressure
111
What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?
Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.
112
What is the primary role of the plasma membrane?
To maintain homeostasis by regulating what enters and exits the cell
113
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy.
Cellular respiration
114
What is the primary function of a microscope?
To magnify small objects for detailed observation.
115
True or False: Light microscopes can magnify specimens up to 2000 times.
True.
116
Fill in the blank: The part of the microscope that supports the slide is called the _______.
stage.
117
What type of microscope uses electrons to achieve higher magnification?
Electron microscope.
118
Which part of the microscope adjusts the amount of light that reaches the specimen?
Iris diaphragm.
119
Multiple choice: What is the highest magnification typically achieved by a light microscope? A) 400x B) 1000x C) 2000x D) 5000x
C) 2000x.
120
What is the purpose of the coarse focus knob?
To bring the specimen into general focus.
121
True or False: A compound microscope uses two or more lenses to magnify the image.
True.
122
What is the function of the objective lens?
To magnify the specimen.
123
Fill in the blank: The _______ lens is the lens closest to the specimen.
objective.
124
What does the term 'resolution' refer to in microscopy?
The ability to distinguish two separate points as distinct.
125
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of a light microscope? A) Eyepiece B) Stage C) Condenser D) Spectrometer
D) Spectrometer.
126
What is the purpose of the eyepiece lens?
To further magnify the image produced by the objective lens.
127
True or False: The field of view decreases as magnification increases.
True.
128
What is the typical use of a stereo microscope?
To view larger, three-dimensional specimens.
129
Fill in the blank: The _______ is used to hold and secure the slide in place.
stage clips.
130
Multiple choice: Which type of microscope is best for viewing internal structures of cells? A) Light microscope B) Scanning electron microscope C) Stereo microscope D) Compound microscope
B) Scanning electron microscope.
131
What is the role of the condenser lens?
To focus light onto the specimen.
132
True or False: A microscope's resolving power is improved by using shorter wavelengths of light.
True.
133
What is one advantage of using an electron microscope over a light microscope?
Higher magnification and resolution.
134
Fill in the blank: The _______ of a microscope refers to the distance between the objective lens and the slide.
working distance.
135
Multiple choice: Which part of the microscope is adjusted to change the focus? A) Stage B) Coarse focus knob C) Light source D) Eyepiece
B) Coarse focus knob.
136
What is the function of the light source in a microscope?
To illuminate the specimen.
137
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the part of the microscope that you look through.
eyepiece.
138
What does the term 'magnification' mean in the context of microscopy?
The enlargement of the appearance of an object.
