Biology-Molecular Genetics

Question 1

All the information needed to make a specific living thing

Answer 1

Genome

Question 2

A section of DNA that has the genetic information for a specific Protein

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

what are 2 ways DNA and RNA Similar???

Answer 3

• Carry Information
• Both Nucleic acids

Question 4

How is DNA and RNA Different???

Answer 4

DNA
-Sugar is Deoxyribose
- Bases in pair
- Confined in Nucleus

RNA
- Sugar is Ribose
- Bases unpaired
- Passes between the nucleus

Question 5

Describe the basic structure of a protein.

Answer 5

Built up of amino acids

Question 6

How many different Amino Acids are there???

Answer 6

20 different

Question 7

How are codons related to amino acids???

Answer 7

Each codon on the mRNA corresponds to an amino acid

Question 8

State the central dogma of Biology

Answer 8

DNA (Transcription) → RNA (Translation) → Proteins

Question 9

Briefly Explain the central dogma of biology

Answer 9

describes the flow of genetic information

Question 10

What is the role of DNA in a cell

Answer 10

serves as the carrier of genetic information

Question 11

what is the relationship between DNA, Genes, And Genomes

Answer 11

The Genome (Information needed to make up living things) is stored in the DNA, The Gene is a section of DNA that has protein information

Question 12

where is DNA located on the Cell

Answer 12

Confined to the Nucleus

Question 13

Describe the process of transcription using (Base pairing, gene, sense strand, non sense strand, DNA, and RNA)

Answer 13

The DNA base unpair in the area of DNA that contains genes to be transcribed. RNA bases pair with nonsense strand of DNA. Once all RNA bases have paired the new RNA strands separate from DNA then DNA strands pair together again.

Question 14

List and describe the function of the 3 types of RNA

Answer 14

mRNA- Messenger (Carries code from nucleus to ribosome)
tRNA- Transfer (Brings amino acids to ribosomes)
rRNA- Ribosomal (Ribosomes are made of rRNA)

Question 15

mRNA is called the messenger, what is the message??? where is the message taken???

Answer 15

The message is the code that is carried to the ribosome

Question 16

What is the relationship between a gene and a protein

Answer 16

Genes contain the instruction to build proteins

Question 17

how does the genome determine the specific characteristics of an organism

Answer 17

By providing instructions for the building proteins

Question 18

what is the substitution mutation

Answer 18

Base replaces another base

Question 19

what is addition mutation

Answer 19

an extra base is added to the gene

Question 20

what is deletion mutation

Answer 20

A base has been removed

Question 21

understand how to convert mRNA to amino acid???

Answer 21

yes or no

Question 22

understand RNA Translation???

Answer 22

yes or no