Biology Of Behavior

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

Copy of genes - more on this?

Question 2

Types of gene transmission.

Answer 2

Monogenetic: hereditary passing on of traits determined by a single gene, very rare

Polygenetic: when many genes interact to create a single characteristic (height skin color eye color)- more common than monogenetic

Multiple alleluia inheritance ; both present ex. Blood type

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

Coiled up strand of DNA

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

All genetic info in DNA

Question 5

Genes

Answer 5

Small segments of DNA that contain information for producing proteins.

Question 6

Mutation

Answer 6

Change in genetic sequence

Question 7

Dominant alleles

Answer 7

Show effect even with just one allele for that trait in the pair

Question 8

Recessive alleles

Answer 8

Show their effects only when both alleles are the same

Question 9

Gene by environment interaction research

Answer 9

Method of studying heritability by comparing genetic markers. Allows researchers to access how genetic differences interact with environment or o produce certain behaviors in some but not in others

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

Entire genetic makeup of an organism

Question 11

Epigenetics

Answer 11

Study of changes in the way genes are turned on or off without a change in the sequence of DNA

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

An organisms observed characteristics

Question 13

Two nervous systems

Answer 13

Central

PeripherL

Question 14

Central nervous system

Answer 14

Brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 15

All other parts than the brain and the spine

Question 16

Parts of the nervous system

Answer 16

Somatic and autonomic

Question 17

Somatic nervous system

Answer 17

Nerve cells of peripheral nervous system that transmit sensory info to the central nervous system and those that transmit information from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

Question 18

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 18

Tiny sacs in the terminal buttons that contain neurotransmitters

Question 19

Glutamate

Answer 19

The brains major excitatory neurotransmitter

Important for learning,memory, neural processing,brain development

Facilitates growth and change in neurons and the migration of neurons to different sites of the brain (early brain development)

Question 20

Seratonin

Answer 20

Plays a role in dreaming and controlling emotions

Question 21

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer 21

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter

Tells postsynaptic neurons not to fire

Slows CNS activity

Question 22

Acetylcholine

Answer 22

Neurotransmitter that controls muscle movement and plays a role in mental processes such as learning, memory, attention, sleeping and dreaming

Slows ANS activity

Question 23

Cerebral cortex

Answer 23

Responsible for human thought, planning, consciousness

1/10 to 1/5 of an inch thick

Question 24

Major regions of the brain from earliest to last (newest) development

Answer 24

Hind
Mid
Fore

Question 25

Folds that cover each of the large haves of the brain

Answer 25

Cerebrum

Question 26

MRI

Answer 26

Uses magnetic fields to produce finely detailed images of the structure (not the activity) of the brain

Question 27

Resting potential

Answer 27

Difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the axon when the neuron is at rest

Question 28

Aphasia

Answer 28

Deficit in the ability to produce meaningful speech and comprehend language

Question 29

Neurons

Answer 29

Cells that form the nervous system

Question 30

Parts of a neuron

Answer 30

``` Soma Dendrites Terminal buttons Axon Some have myelin sheaths ```

Question 31

Axon

Answer 31

Long projection that extends from a neurons soma and transmits electrical impulses toward the adjacent neuron

Question 32

Two parts of peripheral nervous system

Answer 32

Somatic-voluntary movements Autonomic-involuntary movements

Question 33

Two parts of autonomic

Answer 33

Sympathetic- fight or flight or freeze Parasympathetic-respond to sympathetic nervous system and calms us down

Question 34

Glial

Answer 34

The glue that holds the nervous system together

Question 35

Types of neurons

Answer 35

Motor: tell you to move (uses both somatic and autonomic) also mirror neurons (neurons fire when you're watching something but you're not doing the thing) Sensory: helps you do all your senses Interneurons: communicates with other neurons

Question 36

What kind of info do dendrites receive?

Answer 36

Chemical- moves across as electrical

Question 37

Twin studies

Answer 37

Needed to study genetically identical people who have different manifestations of genes.

Question 38

Epigenetics

Answer 38

Epigenetics

Question 39

Genes and stress

Answer 39

Stress or environment can turn on or off genetic tags ... not changing genes but changes the activity and expression

Question 40

Polygenic transmission.

Answer 40

Traits coming by interaction of multiple genes