biology organisms

Question 1

enzymes

Answer 1

enzymes are biological catalysts. they speed up the breakdown of large food molecules into small molecules,

Question 2

what is the relationship between enzymes and molecules

Answer 2

each large molecule has it’s own specific enzyme. they are not used up in the recreation and be used over and over again

Question 3

what is alcohol and what effects does it have

Answer 3

alcohol is a legal recreational drug. it is a depressant, it slows down reaction times, causes damage to the liver. it is particularly dangerous to foetuses

Question 4

what is nicotine and what effects does it have

Answer 4

cigarettes contain nicotine, a legal recreational drug. it is a stimulant. cigarette smoke contains many other harmful chemicals such as tar and carbon monoxide

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

nutrient that provides energy

Question 6

what is carbohydrates’ enzyme

Answer 6

carbohydrase`

Question 7

what do carbohydrates break down into

Answer 7

sugars

Question 8

how do you test for carbohydrates

Answer 8

Benedict’s solution (+ heat up.) if positive it will have gone from blue to brick red

Question 9

starch

Answer 9

a type of carbohydrate made of lots of glucose molecules joined together

Question 10

what is starch’s enzyme

Answer 10

amylase

Question 11

what does starch break down into

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

how do you test for starch

Answer 12

iodine if positive it will have gone from orange-red to black-blue

Question 13

lipids

Answer 13

fats and oils - they provide energy and insulate the body

Question 14

what is lipids’ enzyme

Answer 14

lipase

Question 15

what do lipids break down into

Answer 15

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 16

how do you test for lipids

Answer 16

ethanol, then water if positive it will have gone form clear to cloudy white

Question 17

protein

Answer 17

needed for repair and growth

Question 18

what is protein’s enzyme

Answer 18

protease

Question 19

what do proteins breakdown into

Answer 19

amino acids

Question 20

how do you test for protein

Answer 20

Biuret’s (copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide) if positive it will go from light blue to purple

Question 21

vitamins and minerals`

Answer 21

Essential in tiny amounts for keeping you healthy. Eg. Vitamin A for healthy eyesight, Vitamin C to avoid scurvy, and Vitamin D and Calcium for healthy bones.

Question 22

water

Answer 22

Your body is 70-80% Water, which is constantly lost in exhaled breath, sweat and urine. You therefore need to drink at least a litre of water per day.

Question 23

fibre

Answer 23

Adds bulk to your diet.

Helps keep food moving through the digestive system, allowing something for gut muscles (peristalsis) to squeeze against.

Question 24

oesophagus ( gullet)

Answer 24

food travels from mouth to stomach along this tube.

Question 25

stomach

Answer 25

food is mixed with acids, enzymes and is churned by the stomach.

Question 26

small intestine

Answer 26

acids are neutralised by bile ( from the liver) and enzymes ( from pancreas). small food molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream through wall line with finger like structures called villi

Question 27

large intestine

Answer 27

absorbs water, leaving undigested food called faeces

Question 28

rectum

Answer 28

faeces is stored here before leaving the body via the anus