Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE Biology > Biology Paper 1 > Flashcards

Biology Paper 1 Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the function of a stomach. (B)

A

Churning on stomach muscles turns food into fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the small intestine. (B)

A

Continue digestion of starch and proteins and start digestion of lipids. Food molecules absorbed into blood stream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is bile. (B)

A

Produced in liver stored in gall bladder. Emulsifies lipids. neutralises stomach acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are protease found? (B)

A

stomach, small intestine, pancreatic fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are lipase found? (B)

A

pancreatic fluid and small intestine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is amylase found? (B)

A

saliva and pancreatic fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the test for starch? (B)

A

Iodine. Turns from orange to blue black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the test for sugars? (B)

A

Benedict’s. Turns from blue to G, Y or R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the test for Protein? (B)

A

Biuret. Turns from blue to lilac.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the test for lipids? (B)

A

ethanol. White cloudy emulsion forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Benign Tumours. Malignant Tumours.

A

Benign = Contained Malignant = Can spread.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

studying patterns of diseases to determine risk factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Casual Mechanism?

A

Scientific explanation to how a lifestyle habit could cause a disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Salmonella (food poisoning)

A

fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea, found in poultry (chicken)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gonorrhoea (STD)

A

Thick yellow discharge, pain while urinating.

Treatment - penicillin, but have become antibiotic resistant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Xylem cells

A

lignin - thick walls, support plant.
end walls broken down, allow water flow
no internal structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phloem cells

A

vessel cells - no nucleus, limited cytoplasm.

end walls have pores (allow sugars to move)

companion cells - connected by pores
mitochondria provide energy for vessel cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cancer

A

Benign Tumours - contained

Malignant - can spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Transpiration

Study These Flashcards
A

water evaporates from surface of leaf. water is replaced

rate = greater at higher temp
greater at dry conditions
greater at windy conditions
greater when more light

20
Q

Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic

Study These Flashcards
A

Eukaryotic - Contain nucleus

Prokaryotic - Smaller then Eukaryotic, No mitochondria, have plasmids, no nucleus

21
Q

Nerve cell

Study These Flashcards
A

long axon carries electrical impulses

Myelin insulates the axon, speeds up transmission

synapses = junctions, allow impulses to pass to other nerve cells

Dendrites increase surface area to allow other nerve cells to connect (receive electrical impulses)

22
Q

Pathogens

Study These Flashcards
A

Bacteria - release toxins (damage tissues), reproduce rapidly
Viruses - reproduce inside cells, burst open cell

Pathogens are communicable diseases.

23
Q

Tobacco mosaic virus

Study These Flashcards
A

tobacco mosaic virus - leaves discolour in a mosaic pattern, reduced rate of photosynthesis

24
Q

Absorption in small intestine (B)

Study These Flashcards
A

length of 5m (large surface are for absorption)

interior of small intestine lined with small hairs called villi, these increase surface area

villi - surface of villi contain micro villi
have very good blood supply (concentration gradient)
thin membrane (short diffusion path)
active transport

25
The Heart (B)
vena cava brings in deoxygenated blood, blood passes to lungs from pulmonary artery, oxygenated blood passes in from lungs to pulmonary vein, blood pumped to organs via aorta
26
Lungs
Air passes into lungs through trachea trachea - contains rings of cartilage to prevent it from collapsing during inhaling. traches splits into two smaller tubes called bronchi these split into bronchioles, these end in alveoli
27
Number of chromosomes (B)
- human body cells contain 23 Paris of chromosomes - gametes contain 23 single chromosomes - carry genes which determine our features
28
Red Blood Cells (B)
Red Blood Cells - carry oxygen from lungs to cells in body - biconcave disc gives large surface area for absorbing oxygen - no nucleus, can carry more oxygen - red pigment called haemoglobin (binds to oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin, in body cells the reverse happens to release oxygen)
29
White Blood Cells (B)
White Blood Cells - Defend against infection - Ingest microorganisms (phagocytosis) - produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins produced by the microorganism - produce antibodies to fight microorganisms - unlike red blood cells they have nucleus
30
Platelets (B)
Platelets - small fragments of cells, have no nucleus - help blood to clot, to stop all blood pouring out and stop microorganisms from getting in - lack of platelets can cause excessive bleeding
31
Plasma (B)
Plasma - liquid that carries everything in blood carry: - Red and white blood cells and platelets - Nutrients like glucose and amino acids - carbon dioxide - Urea - Hormones - Proteins - Antibodies and antitoxins
32
Stents (B)
Stents - Keep arteries open - Tubes inside arteries, keep them open making sure blood can flow to heart muscles, keeps persons heart beating - reduce risk of heart attack, effective for a long time and recovery from surgery is relatively quick - risk of complications during operation (heart attack) - risk of infection - blood clots can develop near stent
33
Coronary Heart disease (B)
Coronary Heart Disease - when arteries that supply blood to the muscle of the heart get blocked by layers of fatty material building up - causes arteries to become narrow, restricted blood, lack of oxygen this can result in heart attack
34
Statins (B)
Statins - Reduce Cholesterol in Blood - drugs that reduce amount of "bad" cholesterol, this slows down rate of fatty deposits
35
Cholesterol (B)
Cholesterol is an essential lipid, too much of a certain type of cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol) can cause health problems - can cause fatty deposits inside arteries which can lead to coronary heart disease
36
Advantages of Statins (B)
Advantages of Statins - reduced risk of strokes, coronary heart disease and heart attacks - as well as reducing "bad" cholesterol, they increase the amount of beneficial cholesterol, this type can help reduce "bad" cholesterol - may also help prevent other disease
37
Disadvantages of Statins (B)
Disadvantages of Statins - long-term drug that must be taken regularly, risk that someone could forget - negative side effects: headaches, kidney failure, liver damage and memory loss - effects of statins isn't instant
38
Cell cycle by mitosis (B)
Cell Cycle by Mitosis - First stage, DNA and internal structure duplicates - second stage (mitoses), one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell, nucleus also divides - final stage, cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
39
Functions of mitosis (B)
Functions of mitosis - growth and development of multicellular organisms - when an organism repairs itself - happens during asexual reproduction
40
Embryonic Stem cells (B)
Stem cells (fertilised ovum) - cells in early embryo have not differentiated yet - any cell is capable of differentiating into any type of body cell
41
Stem cells (B)
stem cell - undifferentiated cell which can give rise to more cells of the same type or differentiate to form other types of cells.
42
Adult stem cells (B)
Adult stem cells | - cannot differentiate into any other type of cell (eg bone marrow - blood)
43
Bone marrow transplants (B)
Bone marrow transplants Leukaemia - cancer of bone marrow - to treat, bone marrow is destroyed using radiation, patient receives transplant - divide to form new bone marrow and differentiate to form blood cells
44
Therapeutic cloning (B)
Therapeutic cloning - embryo is produced with same genes as patient - stem cells can be transplanted without being rejected - useful for range of medical conditions (diabetes or paralysis) - some people have ethical or religious objections
45
Plant Stem cells (B)
Plant Stem cells - roots and buds contain meristem tissue - these stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell at any point in life - used to produce clones to stop plants from going extinct or produce cloned crops for farmers (cheap, quick) - disease resistant crops/plants
46
Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide + Water -------> Glucose + Oxygen - light is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen Carbon Dioxide - CO2 Water - H2O Glucose - C6H12O6 Oxygen - O2
47
Lipids are broken down into....
Lipids are broken down into a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids

GCSE Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions