Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science > Biology Paper 2 > Flashcards

Biology Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism in response to internal or external changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does homeostasis control?

A

Blood glucose concentration
Body temperature
Water an ion levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the order of the negative feedback system of control system?

A 
Stimulus 
Receptor
Sensory neurone
Relay neurone
Motor neurone
Effector
Response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What controls body temperature?

A

The thermoregulatory centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If temperature is too high?

A

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If temperature too low?

A

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the cerebral cortex control?

A

Consciousness, intelligence, memory and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the medulla control?

A

Automatic action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the retina do?

A

Contains reception cells that are sensitive to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Optic nerve

A

Carries impulses from retina to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sclera

A

Tough outer layer with transparent region called cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Iris

A

Controls size of pupils and amount of light reaching retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ciliary muscled and suspensory ligaments

A

Change shape of lens to focus light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Accommodation?

A

Process of changing shape of lens to focus on objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is myopia?

A

Short sightedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s hyperopia?

A

Long sightedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which system is faster?

A

The effects of the hormones are slower and act for longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does Thyroxine do?

A

Increase metabolic rate
Controls growth and development in young
Controlled by negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens in blood glucose is too low?

A

Release glucagon

Glucagon stimulates glycogen to convert back to glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What controls the balance of water?

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is urea?

A

Produced by liver from breakdown of proteins and contains nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are excess amino acids converted to?

A

Ammonia in process called deamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Urine produced by

A

Filtering blood
Selective reabsorption
Urea and excess water and ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where does production of urine take place?

A

Tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is ADH?

A

Released by pituitary gland when blood con. too high

Cause more water to be reabsorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does a dialysis machine do?

A

Takes over role of kidneys

28
Q

What is FSH?

A

Produced by pituitary gland
Causes eggs to mature
Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen

29
Q

What is Oestrogen?

A

Produced by ovaries
Inhibits FSH
Stimulates LH
Makes lining grow

30
Q

What is LH?

A

Produced by pituitary gland

Stimulates release of egg

31
Q

What is Progesterone?

A

Produced by empty follicle in ovaries
Maintains lining
Inhibits FSH and LH

32
Q

What does the combines pill contain?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

33
Q

What does a implant contain?

A

Progesterone

34
Q

What is IVF?

A

Gives a woman LH and FSH to grow many eggs
Collect eggs
Fertilise eggs with sperm
Insert embryos into womb

35
Q

What is a tropism?

A

Response involving growth in a direction

36
Q

Gravitropism in shoots

A

Away=negatively

37
Q

Gravitropism in toots

A

Towards=positively

38
Q

Phototropism I’m shoots

A

Towards=positivity

39
Q

Phototropism in roots

A

Away=negatively

40
Q

What are gibberellins?

A

Plant hormone important in germination

41
Q

What is ethane?

A

Gas and hormone controls cell division and ripening of fruits

42
Q

Auxins are used as

A

Weed killers, grow too fast
Rooting powders
Promoting tissue culture

43
Q

Gibberellins are used for

A

End seed dormancy
Promote flowering
Increase fruit size

44
Q

Advantages of sexual reproduction

A

Variation
If environment changes, survive
Selective breeding

45
Q

Advantages of asexual reproduction

A

One parent
More time and energy efficient
Faster
Identical offspring

46
Q

What is a genome

A

Organisms entire genetic material

47
Q

What is DNA

A

Polymer made up of nucleotides

48
Q

What does a nucleotide contain?

A

A sugar
A phosphate
One of 4 base; A, C, G or T

49
Q

What bases attract

A

C links with a G

T links with an A

50
Q

How is a protein made?

A

Proteins synthesised
Carrier molecules bring amino acids in correct order
Chain down, folds
Unique shape to do jobs

51
Q

Who was Gregor Mendel?

A

Originally, blend of characteristics
Breeding on pea plants
Units called genes
Not recognised though

52
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different forms of genes

53
Q

What is a genotype?

A

Combination of alleles present in a gene

54
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

How the alleles are expressed

55
Q

What is homozygous

A

Same alleles

56
Q

What is heterozygous

A

Different alleles

57
Q

What is monohybrid inheritance

A

Only one gene involved

58
Q

What is polydactyl

A

Extra fingers or toes caused by dominant alleles

59
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

Disorder of cell membranes cause by recessive alleles

60
Q

How are fossils formed?

A

Hard parts of animals that do not decay easily
Parts of organisms that have not decayed
Parts of organisms replaced by other materials
Preserved traces of organisms

61
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

Choose parents by characteristics
Breed together
Offspring choose desired and breed
Continue and repeat

62
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Enzymes used to isolate gene
Gene inserted into vector
Vector used to insert gene into cells

63
Q

Cloning

A 
Remove nucleus from unfertilised egg cell
Insert nucleus into adult body cell
Stimulate egg to divide 
Allow embryo to develop
Insert embryo into surrogate
64
Q

Principles of classification

A

Kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species

65
Q

What is the binomial system

A

First part=genus

Second part=species

66
Q

Three domain system is divided into

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota

67
Q

What is speciation?

A

Populations physically isolated
Variation present
Natural selection operates differently
Populations so different inter breeding not possible

Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions