biology paper 2 triple

Question 1

how is a mammal cloned(6marks)

Answer 1

1. Remove nucleus from egg cell to form enucleated egg cell
2. Fuse adult cell with empty egg
3. use electricity to stimulate cell division via mitosis
4. Implant dividing cells into womb of a surrogate mother
   5.foetus starts to develop

Question 2

how to micropropagate a plant to a vitro

Answer 2

1. Choose plant with desired characteristics you want to clone
2. Scrape explants off of parent plant
3. Sterilise explants with disinfectant and sterile water to remove microorganisms
   4.Transfer explants to sterile petri dish with sterile nutrient agar
4. Growth medium allows explant cells to grow and divide via mitosis into small masses of cells known as calluses.
5. Transfer each callus to a fresh growth medium containing a range of plant growth hormones like auxin. Presence of growth hormones allows callus to develop stems, roots, leaves, forming a plantlet
6. Place each plantlet into an individual potting tray so that it can develop into a plant

Question 3

what are advantages of micropropagation

Answer 3

• cheap
  -large yield
  -can be done at any time of the year

Question 4

what are disadvantages of micropropagation

Answer 4

-trained personnel+sterile lab needed
-as theyre identical they are prone to the same disease