Biology Pt.3 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Cells are “open systems,” what does this mean?
that they must interact with their environment to survive
________ are chemicals produced in one part of your body that act on a different part
Hormones
eg. the hormone adrenaline is produced in your brain but acts all over your body in times of stress or excitement
________ on the surface of the cells allow transmitters to attach o the cell and carry out their function
Receptors
Only transmitters with the correct _______ can attach themselves on to a specific receptor, similar to a _____ and ______ method
Shape
Lock and key method
What is a “System”
A set of interconnected parts
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
It acts as a protective barrier and allows for the transportation of materials into the cell and for waste to go out of the cell.
Its important for cell communication since the outer layer has receptor proteins
What are the three types of systems
Open system (exchanges matter and energy with the environment eg.human body)
Closed system (exchanges energy but not matter eg. sealed glass jar)
isolated System (exchanges neither energy or matter, doesn’t exist in reality)
What is the Function of the Cell Wall?
Gives plant cells strength and support
What is the function of cytoplasm
A gel-like substance that gives the cell structure , and stores nutrients until organelles are ready to use them
Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm and can move around through the process of ____________ ___________
Cytoplasmic Streaming
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
acts as a frame (similar to bones in a human)
What is the Function of the Nucleus?
contains the DNA / genetic material of the cell. Directs cellular activities (including mitosis) and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope
What is the Vacuole
membrane-bound structures that store water in plans, if its not full, the cells become weak. Animal cells have vacuoles but its a lot smaller
_______ pressure makes the plant cell firm
Turgor pressure
What are Vesticles
small bubbles with the same structure as the cell membrane, it transports substances throughout the cell
What is the Function of the Golgi apparatus
they are flat discs involved in packaging and transport; Receives the products assembled in the ER and transports them out of the cell
What are ribosomes
granules attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? (ER)
a series of tubes branching off the nuclear envelope
What are Rough ER’s
has a grainy appearance due to the attached ribosomes, responsible for synthesizing proteins
What are Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (fat synthesis)
has a smooth appearance and takes lipid building blocks and assembles fats (animal cells) and oils (plant cells)
What are Lysosomes?
membrane-bound sacs containing strong digestive enzymes. it kills invading bacteria and destroys damaged cell organelles
What is the function of Chloroplasts?
found in plant cells and have a green pigment called chlorophyll. Its the site of photosynthesis
What does the Mitochondria do?
Its the site of cellular respiration. Chemical energy (glucose) is converted into usable energy.
Cells with higher energy are packed with mitochondria
