biology quarter2

Question 1

Types of biomolecules

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
- monosaccharides (glucose and fructose)
- disaccharides (maltose, lactose and sucrose)
- Polysaccharides (starch and cellulose)
Amino Acids and Proteins
Triglycerides
Steroids

Question 2

Substances in food

Answer 2

Digestible carbohydrates (source of our energy)
Protein
Triglycerides

Question 3

what is carbohydrates

Answer 3

a general name for sugars, starches and cellulose
also called saccharides

Question 4

what is the most common monosaccharides

Answer 4

glucose
fructose
galactose

isomers with the formula C6H1206

Question 5

are polysaccharides (polymers) composed of long chains of glucose molecules (monomers) linked together by alpha linkage

Answer 5

starches

Question 6

—— are large molecules composed of simpler repeating unites called ——

Answer 6

• polymers
• monomers

Question 7

a polysaccharide composed of long chains of glucose molecules linked together by beta linkages

Answer 7

cellulose

Question 8

with long straight chains of glucose molecules (plant starch)

Answer 8

amylose

Question 9

with long chains of glucose molecules with periodic chains of glucose molecules coming off as branches from the straight chains (plant starch)

Answer 9

amylopectin

Question 10

similar to amylopectin but with generally shorter and more frequent branches

Answer 10

animal starch (glycogen)

Question 11

are the building blocks of proteins

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

how many amino acids are important for producing proteins

Answer 12

20

Question 13

each amino acid has an amine group and a carboxylic acid group separated by a

Answer 13

carbon

Question 14

one amino acid differs from another by a side chain connected to the

Answer 14

central carbon

Question 15

amino group of one amino acid can react with the carboxylic group of another amino acid to form an

Answer 15

amide group

Question 16

in proteins, amide linkage is called

Answer 16

peptide bond

Question 17

chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds would be called a

Answer 17

polypeptide / peptide

Question 18

if the polypeptide has more than about 50 amino acids, we call it

Answer 18

protein

Question 19

the sequence of amino acids in the protein

Answer 19

primary structure

Question 20

arrangement of atoms that are close to each other in the polypeptide chain is called

Answer 20

secondary structure

Question 21

three types of secondary structure

Answer 21

a-helix
b-sheet
irregular

Question 22

specific overall shape of the protein is called

Answer 22

tertiary structure

Question 23

when there is a double bond between two carbon atoms and when like groups are on different carbon atoms and the same side of the double bond, the arrangement is called

Answer 23

cis

Question 24

when the like groups are on opposite sides of the double bond the arrangement is called

Answer 24

trans

Question 25

natural unsaturated triglycerides have the groups attached to the double-bonded carbon atoms in the cis arrangement

Answer 25

trans fat

Question 26

hydrogenation is

Answer 26

reversable

Question 27

nucleotide structure - 2 bases - purines

Answer 27

adenine guanine

Question 28

nucleotide structure - 3 bases - pyrimidines

Answer 28

thymine cytosine

Question 29

nucleotide structure - 4 bases - pyrimidines

Answer 29

Uracil

Question 30

only found in DNA

Answer 30

thymine

Question 31

In RNA, thymine is replaced by

Answer 31

URACIL

Question 32

are what makes a nucleoside a nucleotide

Answer 32

phosphate groups

Question 33

are essential for nucleotide polymerization

Answer 33

phosphate groups

Question 34

exists as a single strand polymer

Answer 34

RNA

Question 35

exists as a double stranded polymer

Answer 35

DNA

Question 36

created by hydrogen bons between nucleotides

Answer 36

DNA double strand

Question 37

always bind to complementary nucleotides

Answer 37

nucleotides

Question 38

can occur in RNA but is usually within the same strand

Answer 38

Base pairing

Question 39

DNA base pairing is

Answer 39

antiparallel

Question 40

why antiparallel DNA base pairing?

Answer 40

need to shield the genetic information is the only conformational structure to allow double helix formation

Question 41

who first determined the double helix

Answer 41

watson and crick in 1953

Question 42

most energy favorable conformation for double stranded DNA to form

Answer 42

The double helix

Question 43

the double helix Shape and size is

Answer 43

uniform for all life

Question 44

without anti parallel base pairing this conformation

Answer 44

could not exists

Question 45

are critical for binding proteins that regulate DNA function

Answer 45

Major grooves

Question 46

Sub molecules of Amino Acids

Answer 46

amino group R group Caboxyl group

Question 47

what are the 2 types of R group

Answer 47

Aliphatic aromatic

Question 48

close group positive charge

Answer 48

aromatic group

Question 49

open group negative charge

Answer 49

aliphatic group

Question 50

cells link amino acid monomers together by

Answer 50

dehydration reactions

Question 51

the bond between adjacent amino acids is called

Answer 51

peptide bond

Question 52

Dehydration reaction = positive + negative =

Answer 52

water molecule

Question 53

Levels of protein structure

Answer 53

PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY QUARTERNARY

Question 54

unique sequence of amino acids

Answer 54

primary protein structure

Question 55

includes alpha helices and beta sheets which resulted from amino acids chain coiling or folding

Answer 55

secondary protein structure

Question 56

formed and maintained by hydrophobic

Answer 56

tertiary structure

Question 57

hemoglobin

Answer 57

quarternary

Question 58

can be found in the cell membrane

Answer 58

nucleus

Question 59

nucleutides components

Answer 59

5 carbon 5 sugar 5 phospate base

Question 60

can merge aromatic and aliphatic group

Answer 60

nucleutides

Question 61

2 oxygen + 1 hydrogen =

Answer 61

1 carbon

Question 62

5 base of nucleutides

Answer 62

Cytosine Thymine Uracil Adenine Guanine`