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Biology Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

T o F: The first self-replicating biomolecule in the evolution of life was DNA.

A

False

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2
Q

Why was glycolysis most likely the first complicated metabolic pathway to evolve?

A

It could break down organic molecules and generate ATP.

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3
Q

One way in which prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells is that prokaryotic cells typically have…

A

smaller genomes

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4
Q

While studies of model systems are important to science, only human studies are beneficial to medical research.

A

False: Many metabolic pathways, developmental patterns, and even genes are shared across microbe, plant, and animal groups.

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5
Q

Plant cell culture has several advantages over animal cell culture. What is the main advantage?

A

In many species, an entire adult plant capable of reproduction can be regenerated from cells in plant tissue culture.

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6
Q

T o F: Differential centrifugation is used in sub cellular fractionation studies of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes.

A

True

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7
Q

The science of cell biology got its start with the invention of…

A

the light microscope

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8
Q

Carbohydrates differ from hydrocarbons in that…

A

Hydrocarbons are composed of carbon and hydrogen, while carbohydrates are composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen.

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9
Q

If a steroid hormone were covalently modified by the addition off multiple hydrophilic side groups it would be ____ likely to dissolve in the bloodstream

A

less

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10
Q

Taken together, what is the total number of unique nucleotides in DNA + RNA?

A

8

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11
Q

T o F: Enzymes are biological catalysts that must be continually replaced via protein synthesis because they are consumed by the reactions they mediate

A

False

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12
Q

What role does protein tertiary structure play in enzyme specificity?

A

Protein tertiary structure determines the shape of the active site which determines the specific substrate that can be bound.

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13
Q

In protein tertiary structure and enzyme specificity, allosteric regulators bind to…

A

Sites other than the active site and change the binding affinity of the enzyme for its substrate. Sites other than the active site and alter protein tertiary structure.

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14
Q

You set up a human enzymatic reaction under 4 sets of conditions: 1) At room temperature in the absence of the proper enzyme. 2) At 100 Degrees C in the absence of the proper enzyme. 3) At 37 Degrees C with the proper enzyme. 4) At 100 Degrees C with the proper enzyme. Which condition would you expect the reaction to be the fastest?

A

37 Degrees C + proper enzyme

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15
Q

The sugar in DNA is…

A

Deoxyribose

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16
Q

The building block of DNA is called the…

A

Nucleotide

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17
Q

DNA and RNA are…

A

Nucleic acids

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18
Q

A nucleotide consists of…

A

Sugar, phosphate and a nitrogenous base

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19
Q

Purines are…

A

2 ringed structures

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20
Q

According to the Watson and Crick model, DNA is a…

A

Double Helix

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21
Q

Purines include…

A

Adenine and guanine

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22
Q

Arrangement of nucleotides in DNA can be seen by…

A

X-Ray crystallography

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23
Q

Human beings have diploid cells. What is indicated by this statement?

Study These Flashcards
A

Humans have homologous chromosome pairs

24
Q

The _____ is the fundamental subunit of chromatin. Each unit is composed of a little less than 2 turns of _____ wrapped around a set of 8 proteins called _____ , which are known as a _____ octamer.

Study These Flashcards
A

Nucleosome, DNA, Histones, Histone.

25
What is the type of RNA that is translated to produce proteins?
mRNA
26
What is DNA replication?
Semi-conservative
27
Which of the following is true about DNA polymerase?
It can synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction
28
What is the reaction in DNA replication catalyzed by DNA ligase?
Formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-OH of 1 Okazaki fragment and the 5'- phosphate of the next on the lagging strand.
29
Which of the following enzymes remove supercoiling in replicating DNA ahead of the replication fork?
Topoisomerase
30
Separating of the DNA double helix is done by _____
Helicase
31
Which enzyme is used to join bits of DNA?
DNA ligase
32
Taq polymerase is a _____ polymerase.
Heat-stable
33
Which enzyme is active at 72 Degrees in the polymerase chain reaction?
Polymerase
34
T o F: PCR can generate large amounts of DNA.
True
35
T o F: Reverse transcriptase produces DNA from RNA.
True
36
From which organism is the enzyme reverse transcriptase isolated?
Virus
37
Mitosis occurs in _____ .
Hair follicles
38
Colchicine is a drug used to treat gout by disrupting microtubule, which of the cell division phases is prevented?
Metaphase
39
T o F: A cell can keep on replicating forever
False
40
Which of the following mechanisms will remove a single base and incorporate the correct base?
Base excision repair
41
Which of the following has the self-repairing mechanisms?
DNA only
42
Why is the recombinational repair system called a "double strand break repair" ?
Both strands are broken
43
What are the 2 main components of CRISPR-Cas9?
Guide RNA and Cas9 protein
44
How does CRISPR-Cas9 work?
The guide RNA binds to a specific DNA sequence and the Cas9 protein cuts the DNA at that location.
45
What are some of the potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9?
Gene therapy, crop improvement and disease treatment.
46
Cas9 is an...
Endonuclease that makes ds breaks in DNA
47
CRISPR-Cas9 was originally discovered as part of a defense mechanism against viruses in...
bacteria
48
Single-stranded RNA that is complementary to the target DNA sequence used in CRISPR-Cas9 is called...
Guide RNA
49
Which of the following statement is true regarding DNA repair and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing?
Endogenous repair mechanisms repair double stranded breaks by Cas9, DNA repair by non-homologous end-joining + DNA repair by homology directed repair.
50
The process of formation of RNA is known as _____ .
Transcription
51
Name the site where upstream sequences are located
Prior to the start point
52
T o F: RNA polymerase activities include DNA dependent RNA synthesis'?
True
53
The specific sequence in the DNA for the triggering of polyadenylation is _____ .
5'...AAUAAA...3'
54
Transcription occurs in the...
Nucleus
55
5' cap addition and 3' poly A tail addition occurs in the...
Nucleus
56
T o F: 5' cap addition and 3' poly A tail is required for mRNA stability. Without it mRNA will decay easily.
True

Biology (1 decks)

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