biology quiz #2

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

is a group of cells that function together to perform specialized tasks

Question 2

Plasma & Platelets

Answer 2

blood clotting factors

Question 3

White blood cells

Answer 3

fight infection

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

lining, transport, secretion, and absorption
Forms protective barrier
Lines body cavities and outer surface
Forms glands that produce hormones, enzymes, and sweat
Cells tightly packed together
1 cell or several layers in thickness
Ex: nasal cavity

Question 5

Connective tissue

Answer 5

support, strength, and elasticity
Supports and protects structures
Forms blood
Stores fat
Fills empty space
Varies in structure depending on type of connective tissue
Ex: bones, cartilage, blood, tendons and ligaments

Question 6

Muscle tissue

Answer 6

movement
Allows for movement
Long, rigid strands
3 main types: skeletal, smooth & cardiac
Ex: skeletal, smooth, cardiac, striated
3 main types: - skeletal muscle - cardiac muscle - smooth muscle

Question 7

Nervous tissue

Answer 7

information, processing, communication, and control
Responds to stimuli
Transmits and stores information
Made of nerve cells
Network of fibres with a control centre “neurons”
Ex: brain, spinal cord

Question 8

Voluntary muscle movement

Answer 8

controlled by will ( skeletal muscle- movement of hand)

Question 9

Involuntary muscle movement

Answer 9

movement without conscious control (heart beating)

Question 10

Organs of the digestive system

Answer 10

1. Mouth/Salivary glands: Chemical & physical digestion - saliva & chewing - digestion of carbohydrates starts
2. Esophagus:Food moves down by peristalsis
3. Liver: produces bile; a substance that helps break down fats
4. Stomach:Chemical & physical digestion - acids, enzymes, churning
5. Gallbladder: bile produced in the liver is transferred to the gallbladder where it is stored until needed for digestion of fats.
6. Pancreas: releases powerful digestive enzymes required for chemical digestion when food reaches the lower stomach.
7. Small intestine: chemical digestion (enzymes) & nutrients are absorbed into the blood
8. Large intestine: water is absorbed out of the waste
9. Anus:waste leaves the body

Question 11

Ingestion

Answer 11

Food is taken into the body through the mouth

Question 12

Digestion

Answer 12

Food is broken down (physically and chemically)

Question 13

Absorption

Answer 13

Nutrients are moved into the blood

Question 14

Elimination

Answer 14

Solid waste passes from the digestive system out of the body

Question 15

mechanical digestion

Answer 15

begins in your mouth as your teeth tear and grind food into small pieces; tongue is also physical

Question 16

Chemical digestion

Answer 16

process where acids, bases and enzymes released into the digestive tract respond to semi-solid food lumps and break it down further

Question 17

The liver is?

Answer 17

the only organ in the body that is capable of regenerating if parts of it are removed or become diseased & it is not apart of the digestive tract

Question 18

The circulatory system

Answer 18

The circulatory system carries blood and various substances to and from different places in the body

The heart has the job of pumping these things around the body

The heart pumps blood and substances around the body in tubes called blood vessels

The heart and blood vessels together make up the circulatory system

Question 19

What does the circulatory system do?

Answer 19

Main function → transport substances around the body

Transports nutrients absorbed in the intestine to all body cells

Picks up oxygen at lungs and delivers it to all body cells

Carries carbon dioxide from all cells to lungs, where its released

Transports wastes to the kidneys where they are filtered and excreted

Question 20

The right side of the system deals with?

The left side of the system deals with?

Answer 20

deoxygenated blood
oxygenated blood

Question 21

4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 21

2 atria

2 ventricles

Question 22

There are 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 22

Artery - carries blood away from the heart

Vein - carries blood towards the heart

Capillary - links arteries with veins

Question 23

What’s in blood?

Answer 23

red blood cells - carry oxygen
Digested food
White blood cells - fight off diseases
Waste
Platelets - help blood clot
Hormones
Plasma - liquid part
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen

Question 24

Respiratory system

Answer 24

Is responsible for providing oxygen to the cells of the body and for removing the carbon dioxide that has been produced as your body uses energy for growth, repair,and movement.

Question 25

1. Nose - 2. Mouth - 3. Pharynx (throat) - 4. Larynx (voice box) - 5. Trachea (windpipe) - 6. bronchi - 7. Lung - 8. bronchioles - 9. Alveoli -

Answer 25

1. passageway for air to enter and exit 2. passageway for air to enter and exit 3. passageway for air 4. air moves through vocal chords; they vibrate and produce the sound of your voice 5. cells produce mucus and have cilia; moves mucus and filters out any foreign materials 6. deliver air to the lungs 7. responsible for providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide 8. moves air into the alveoli 9. site of gas exchange

Question 26

Concentration of CO2 in the alveoli is ? Concentration of CO2 in the blood cells is ? CO2 moves from an area of ? concentration to an area of ?

Answer 26

1. low 2. high 3. high;low

Question 27

Concentration of O2 in the alveoli is ? Concentration of O2 in the blood is ? O2 moves from an area of ? concentration to an area of ?

Answer 27

1. high 2. low 3. high;low

Question 28

Inhalation

Answer 28

Volume of the lungs increases Rib cage contracts → increases volume Diaphragm flattens - moves downward

Question 29

Exhalation

Answer 29

Volume of the lungs decreases Rib cage relaxes → decreases volume Diaphragm becomes dome-shaped - moves upward Volume of the lungs change shape; pushing air out

Question 30

Digestive and respiratory interactions

Answer 30

The digestive system requires muscle contractions to help digest food Muscle cells require oxygen to function The respiratory system provides oxygen to the muscle cells The respiratory system also uses muscles (the diaphragm and muscles surrounding the rib cage) In addition to oxygen, cells need nutrients from the digestion of food Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + O2 ! CO2+ H2O + energy Unwanted materials trapped by cilia and mucus in the trachea move back up to the esophagus and are eliminated through the digestive system

Question 31

Circulatory and respiratory interactions

Answer 31

All cells require oxygen and nutrients to function We inhale oxygen, and oxygen diffuses from the lungs (alveoli) into the blood (capillaries) Oxygen is then transferred through the blood to the cells as the blood is pumped by the heart Cells produce carbon dioxide, which diffuses into the blood The circulatory system carries the CO2 to the lungs where diffusion occurs again, and CO2 is exhaled

Question 32

Digestive and circulatory interactions

Answer 32

Food ingested gets digested and broken down to nutrients Nutrients absorbed by the small intestine diffuse from the digestive system into the the blood, which is transported by the circulatory system to our body cells Nutrients give cells the fuel they need to function The nutrients also reach the cells of the digestive system, and fuels its processes as well

Question 33

The Digestive System of a Frog

Answer 33

* Similar pathway to humans: mouth→ esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine * Digestion - stomach and small intestine. * Nutrient absorption - small intestine * Waste materials exit through the cloaca.

Question 34

Circulatory System of a Frog

Answer 34

* 3-chambered heart: two atria and one ventricle * Blood leaving the ventricle passes into a forked aorta, where the blood can travel to the lungs or the body. * Blood returning from the lungs passes into the left atrium * Blood returning from the body passes into the right atrium. * Both atria empty into the single ventricle.

Question 35

Respiration in Frogs

Answer 35

* Gas exchange occurs in three locations in the frog: 1) the lungs - Frogs have a trachea and a pair of lungs 2) the lining of the mouth 3) the skin (cutaneous respiration)