Biology Quiz section one

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

A large molecule that holds genetic instructions necessary for function, development and diversity. Held together by chemical.

Question 2

What is a Nitrogenous Base?

Answer 2

Code that stores information in DNA

Question 3

What is the Phosphate-sugar backbone?

Answer 3

A sugar molecule and phosphate molecules

Question 4

What is a Nucleotide?

Answer 4

A nitrogenous base, sugar molecule and phosphate groups that form the double helix.

Question 5

What is a Genome?

Answer 5

A set of genetic material found in living organisms

Question 6

What is Chromatin?

Answer 6

Thin structures that contain DNA molecules

Question 7

What is a Chromosome?

Answer 7

Structures made from condensed chromatin

Question 8

What is a sister Chromatid?

Answer 8

Half of the ‘X’ shape in the chromosome structure

Question 9

What is a karyotype?

Answer 9

A visual representation of someone’s chromosomes, used to test for chromosomal abnormalities and disorders.

Question 10

What a Gene?

Answer 10

Section of DNA responsible for traits and characteristics

Question 11

What is an Allele?

Answer 11

Different variation of the same gene.

Question 12

What is a genotype?

Answer 12

The genetic makeup of an organism (it’s genome)

Question 13

What is a phenotype?

Answer 13

The observable characteristics, or gene expression of an organism.

Question 14

What is transcription?

Answer 14

The process of sending information from DNA to mRNA

Question 15

What is Translation?

Answer 15

Information in the mRNA is read and put into a chain of amino acid

Question 16

What is a codon?

Answer 16

Three-based sequences

Question 17

What is amino acid?

Answer 17

Information that determines the shape of a protein

Question 18

What are the four nitrogenous bases?

Answer 18

A,C,T,G

Question 19

What are pairs of nitrogenous bases called?

Answer 19

Complementary base pairs

Question 20

How are complementary base pairs held together?

Answer 20

They are held together by nitrogen bonds

Question 21

Which complementary base pairs have three hydrogen bonds?

Answer 21

C and G

Question 22

Which complementary base pairs go together?

Answer 22

A and T, C and G

Question 23

What is the DNA structure called?

Answer 23

It is called a double Helix

Question 24

How many homologous pairs of chromosomes do humans typically have?

Answer 24

23

Question 25

How many autosomes do humans typically have?

Answer 25

44

Question 26

How many sex chromosomes do humans typically have?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

How many total chromosomes do humans typically have?

Answer 27

46

Question 28

What binds sister chromatids together?

Answer 28

The Centromere

Question 29

How many sister chromatids do humans typically have?

Answer 29

92

Question 30

What is a homologous chromosome?

Answer 30

Pairs of chromosomes that contain the same information as their partner (but are not identical to their partner)

Question 31

What are proteins?

Answer 31

The functional output of genes

Question 32

What are enzymes?

Answer 32

They cause chemical reactions to keep the body functioning

Question 33

What are the differences between DNA and mRNA?

Answer 33

mRNA is single stranded rather than a double helix, mRNA is smaller, mRNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose, DNA is more stable, mRNA is in the cytoplasm.

Question 34

What is genetics?

Answer 34

The field of biology that studies heredity

Question 35

What is heredity?

Answer 35

The passing down of traits from one generation to the next

Question 36

What is a trait?

Answer 36

An inherited characteristic

Question 37

What is the law of segregation?

Answer 37

When gametes are formed, the alleles for each inherited trait separate or segregate from each other.

Question 38

What is the law of independent assortment?

Answer 38

The allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele it receives for a different gene.

Question 39

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 39

An allele that is expressed regardless of the identity of the other allele for a specific trait.

Question 40

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 40

An allele that is only expressed when two of those recessive alleles are present

Question 41

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 41

A genotype that has two identical alleles

Question 42

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 42

A genotype that has two different alleles for one specific trait

Question 43

What is codominance?

Answer 43

When neither alleles are dominant or recessive and both traits are visible. The heterozygous genotype displays both phenotypes.

Question 44

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 44

When neither alleles are dominant or recessive and you get a blend of both traits. Only occurs in heterozygous genotypes.