Biology (Respiratory System)

Question 1

What is inspiration?

Answer 1

Inhaling

Question 2

What is expiration?

Answer 2

Exhaling

Question 3

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 3

Cells that use oxygen to create energy for the body ; creates carbon dioxide and other wastes

Question 4

Where does external respiration takes place?

Answer 4

Takes place in the lungs and involves the exchange, of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the blood.

Question 5

Where does the Internal respiration take place?

Answer 5

Takes place with in the body and involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the blood and tissue fluids.

Question 6

What functions do the nasal and oral cavities do?

Answer 6

They filter, warm, and humidify air

Question 7

How are oral and nasal cavities separated?

Answer 7

They are separated by the hard and soft palates

Question 8

What does the tiny hairs and mucous in the nasal and oral cavities trap?

Answer 8

They trap bacteria, viruses, and other airborne material

Question 9

Where is the Pharynx located?

Answer 9

Its the opening where the nasal and oral cavities meet and can also be called the throat

Question 10

What does the epiglottis do?

Answer 10

It covers the trachea when food is swallowed

Question 11

What is the larynx?

Answer 11

The larynx is somewhere in the throat containing the vocal cords

Question 12

What is the glottis?

Answer 12

It is a variable sized opening at the top of the larynx

Question 13

How are high tones caused by the vocal chords?

Answer 13

They are caused when the cords are tense

Question 14

How are the low tones caused by the vocal chords?

Answer 14

They are caused when the chords are relaxed

Question 15

How is sound produced from the vocal chords?

Answer 15

They are produced when the air passes through the glottis, vibrating the cords, producing sound.

Question 16

What is the trachea made of?

Answer 16

The tube is made of smooth muscle supported by rings of cartilage

Question 17

What does the cilia (tiny hairs) line do?

Answer 17

They sweep out mucous and trapped debris back up in the trachea ( smoking kills the cilia and increases mucous production)

Question 18

What is the Bronchi?

Answer 18

Its the two tubes divided by the trachea, one leading to each lung

Question 19

What does the bronchi branch into?

Answer 19

They branch into bronchiole

Question 20

What are at the end of the bronchiole?

Answer 20

Alveoli sacs

Question 21

How many lobes does the right lung divide into?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

How many lobes does the left lung divide into?

Answer 22

2 (to fit around the heart)

Question 23

What does each lobe in the lungs divide into?

Answer 23

They divide into lobules (each lobule has a bronchiole serving many alveoli)

Question 24

What is the alveolus made of?

Answer 24

Its made of a thin layer of cells (epithelium) surrounded by capillaries (tiny blood vessels)

Question 25

What does the thin layers of alveoli and capillaries do?

Answer 25

They allow gasses to pass through and the gas exchanges occurs between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries.

Question 26

Do you breath in before breathing out or do you breath out before breathing in?

Answer 26

Inspiration is before expiration

Question 27

[True or False] The pressure differences between the atmosphere and the lungs determine air movement.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

[True or False] The atmospheric pressure lower than the lung pressure when breathing in.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the difference between bronchi and bronchus?

Answer 29

Bronchi = two Bronchus = singular

Question 30

What does the diaphragm do?

Answer 30

It helps you inhale and exhale as when you breath in or out it contracts so in turn it lets the lungs expand.

Question 31

What is regulatory breathing controlled by?

Answer 31

The medulla oblongata

Question 32

Factors that can influence breathing rate

Answer 32

-Chemicals in the Blood -Stretching the Lung Tissue -Emotional State

Question 33

What are chemoreceptors?

Answer 33

They are special nerve cells that monitors the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood

Question 34

What do the carbon dioxide receptors do?

Answer 34

-Carbon dioxide dissolves in the blood to form an acid (Carbonic acid) -The level of acid is monitored by receptors in the medulla oblongata -If carbon dioxide levels increase, the medulla oblongata sends a signal to the muscles of the diaphragm and ribs to increase breathing rate.

Question 35

What do oxygen receptors (Back up system) do?

Answer 35

-Receptors in the carotid artery and aorta detect level of oxygen -This is only a back up and these receptors are only stimulated when oxygen levels drop and carbon dioxide levels remain constant Ex. carbon monoxide poisoning, high altitude. -Receptors send a signal to the medulla oblongata which stimulates the muscles in the chest and cause an increase in breathing rate.

Question 36

What is gas diffusion?

Answer 36

Each gas diffuses from areas of high concentration (pressure) to an area of low concentration (pressure).

Question 37

What is partial pressure?

Answer 37

Its the pressure that a single gas exerts

Question 38

What are the two methods of the transporting of oxygen?

Answer 38

- As a dissolved gas in the plasma (Watery portion) - carried by hemoglobin

Question 39

How much does the transport of gas account for in oxygen transport?

Answer 39

3%

Question 40

How much does the transport of hemoglobin occur in the RBC and accounts for oxygen transport?

Answer 40

97%

Question 41

What are the three factors that cause oxygen release by hemoglobin?

Answer 41

-Temperature -Blood PH Oxygen concentration

Question 42

What are the three ways that carbon dioxide is transported in our blood?

Answer 42

-Transport in Blood Plasma -Transport in the cytoplasm of RBC -Transport of hemoglobin

Question 43

How much carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma?

Answer 43

7%

Question 44

How much carbon dioxide moves into RBC cytoplasm?

Answer 44

70%

Question 45

CO2 + H20 = ?

Answer 45

H2CO3 (carbonic acid)

Question 46

What is carbonic anhydrase?

Answer 46

It is an enzyme that helps make carbonic acid