Biology Revision

Question 1

What is magnification?

Answer 1

The enlargement of an image

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Controls cells activities, contains DNA

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Where chemical reactions take place

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

Controls what enters and leaves

Question 5

Cell wall

Answer 5

Structure and support

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

Photosynthesis takes place here

Question 7

Vacuole

Answer 7

Contains cell sap

Question 8

Ribosome

Answer 8

Makes proteins

Question 9

Mitrochondria

Answer 9

Site of respiration to release energy

Question 10

Prokaryotic cells are…

Answer 10

Bacteria cells

Question 11

Meiosis

Answer 11

Type of cell division that only occurs when the body forms gametes

Question 12

Causes of mutations

Answer 12

Ultraviolet light
Chemicals in cigarette smoke
Chemicals in the environment
Background radiation

Question 13

Allele

Answer 13

Version of a gene

Question 14

Dominant

Answer 14

Will beat recessive gene and will appear as a phenotype

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

Both of the alleles for the gene are the same BB bb

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Both of the alleles for the gene are different Bb

Question 17

Genotype

Answer 17

The alleles in an organism

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

The displayed characteristics

Question 19

Precipitate

Answer 19

An insoluble solid inside a liquid

Question 20

Why is ethanol added to the mixture

Answer 20

To precipitate the DNA to produce thread like DNA white strands

Question 21

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 21

Has a flagella
Has a cell wall
Has a slime capsule
Has a cell membrane
Has some ribosomes

Question 22

What is the role of the slime capsule in a bacteria cell

Answer 22

Protects the cell

Question 23

Asexual reproduction

Answer 23

No fusion of gametes (sex cells)
Genes from only one parent
Offspring show no variation
Genetically identical offspring (clones)

Question 24

Sexual reproduction

Answer 24

Gametes are haploid cells and are formed by meiosis
Genes from two parents
Offspring show variation

Question 25

Meiosis

Answer 25

The type of cell division that only occurs when the body forms gametes (egg and sperm cells) The purpose of meiosis is to increase genetic variation Produces 4genetically non-identical daughter cells

Question 26

Which two bases are paired

Answer 26

A always binds with T G always binds with C

Question 27

Mutation

Answer 27

A mutation is the change in the sequence of bases in the DNA

Question 28

Genetic variation

Answer 28

Different characteristics as a result of mutation and sexual reproduction

Question 29

Artificial classification

Answer 29

Based on observable features

Question 30

Natural classification

Answer 30

Based on evolutionary links ie. Do they have a common ancestor ie. Gorillas and humans

Question 31

Why do we classify organisms

Answer 31

Our convenience To make the study of organisms more manageable To make it easy to identify organisms To help see relationships between organisms

Question 32

What is a species?

Answer 32

A species is a group of similar organisms able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring

Question 33

Genetic engineering

Answer 33

Involves the changing of DNA of one organism

Question 34

Binomial system

Answer 34

System of naming organisms

Question 35

Evolution

Answer 35

A change in one or more characteristics of a population

Question 36

Ancestor

Answer 36

An organism of from which more recent organisms are descended

Question 37

Artificial selection

Answer 37

When people choose organisms with certain characteristics and use only those ones for breeding

Question 38

GMO

Answer 38

Genetically modified organism

Question 39

Diabetes

Answer 39

Disease in which the body cannot control the blood glucose concentration at the correct level

Question 40

Insulin

Answer 40

The hormone that decreases blood glucose concentration. Used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes

Question 41

Ligase

Answer 41

An enzyme that joins two DNA molecules together

Question 42

Recombinant DNA

Answer 42

DNA made by joining two sections of DNA together

Question 43

Restriction enzyme

Answer 43

An enzyme that cuts DNA molecules into pieces

Question 44

Sticky end

Answer 44

A short section of single-stranded DNA found at the end of a section of DNA that has been cut by a restriction enzyme.

Question 45

Vector

Answer 45

Anything that transfers material from one organism to another.