Biology SB1 Flashcards
What is a Eukaryotic Cell?
Has a nucleus and surrounded by membranes
What are the differences of an electron micrscope and a light microscope?
- Uses a beam of light
- more precise and accurate magnification
Name parts of an animal cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Cell membrane
Describe the cytoplasm
A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.
Nucleus
Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.
Cell membrane
It is permeable to some substances but not to others and so controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Mitochondria
Organelles that contains the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.
Ribosomes
Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.
Chloroplast
Organelle that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
cell wall
Plant and bacterial cell walls provide structure and protection. Only plant cell walls are made from cellulose.
Permanent vacuole
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell swollen.
Chromosomal DNA
The DNA of bacterial cells is found loose in the cytoplasm. It is called chromosomal DNA and is not contained within a nucleus.
Plasmid DNA
Bacteria also have small, closed-circles of DNA called plasmids present in their cytoplasm. Unlike the chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA can move from one bacterium to another giving variation.
Flagella
Bacteria can have one or more flagella (singular: flagellum). These can rotate or move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium.
