Biology SE 2 Final cards Flashcards by Mercedes Solano

What advances in technology made the discovery of cells possible?

a. the microscope

b. the ultraviolet light

c. the centrifuge

d. the particle accelerator

a. the microscope

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

a. All living things are made of cells.

b. Very few cells are able to reproduce.

c. All cells are produced from existing cells.

d. Cells are the basic units of life.

b. Very few cells are able to produce.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Electron microscopes can reveal details

a. about the different colors of cell structures.

b. 1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes.

c. of cell structures only once they are stained.

d. only in specimens that are still alive.

b. 1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Colors seen in images made from electron microscopes are

a. true to life.

b. added so scientists can trace living cells through the body.

c. the colors of electrons.

d. added to make certain structures easier to see.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know?

a. The cell lacks a nucleus.

b. The cell lacks a cell membrane.

c. The cell lacks genetic material.

d. The cell lacks cytoplasm.

a. The cell lacks a nucleus.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following enclose their DNA in a nucleus?

a. eukaryotes

b. bacteria

c. viruses

d. prokaryotes

a. eukaryotes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Not all cells are alike. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about differences between cells?

a. Some cells have a nucleus, but others do not.

b. Different kinds of cells are different sizes.

c. Cells come in many different shapes.

d. Most cells have a membrane, but some do not

d. Most cells have a membrane, but some do not.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following conclusions could you draw about the cell shown in Figure 7-1?

a. The cell is prokaryotic because it has a nucleus.

b. The cell is eukaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.

c. The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus.

d. The cell is prokaryotic because it does not have a nucleus.

c. The cell is eukaryotic because it has a nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

a. stores DNA

b. builds proteins

c. stores sugars

d. packages proteins

a. stores DNA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?

a. endoplasmic reticulum

b. Golgi apparatus

c. mitochondrion

d. lysosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

a. surrounds the cell

b. contains DNA

c. helps make proteins

d. helps a cell keep its shape

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7-2 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?

a. structure A

b. structure B

c. structure C

d. structure D

c. structure C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?

a. vacuole

b. ribosome

c. mitochondrion

d. Golgi apparatus

b. ribosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7-3 above modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for storage or release from the cell?

a. structure A

b. structure D

c. structure C

d. structure B

a. structure A

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which organelle converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?

a. endoplasmic reticulum

b. Golgi apparatus

c. chloroplast

d. mitochondrion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?

a. chloroplast

b. mitochondrion

c. ribosome

d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c. chloroplast

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is

a. found in all organisms

b. composed of a lipid bilayer

c. selectively permeable

d. a rigid structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?

a. fungi

b. animals

c. plants

d. bacteria

b. animals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?

a. cell membrane

b. mitochondrion

c. channel protein

d. chloroplast

a. cell membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?

a. breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods

b. keeps the cell wall in place

c. stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates

d. regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

a. proteins

b. carbohydrates

c. bilipids

d. lipids

a. proteins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diffusion occurs because

a. cellular energy pumps molecules across the cell membrane.

b. cellular energy forces molecules to collide with each other.

c. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.

d. molecules are attracted to one another.

c. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will

a. continue to move across the membrane in both directions.

b. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell.

c. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell

d. stop moving across the membrane.

a. continue to move across the membrane in both directions.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

a. osmotic pressure.

b. pinocytosis.

c. osmosis.

d. active transport.

c. osmosis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes a. solutes to move into the cell. b. solutes to move out of the cell. c. water to move out of the cell. d. water to move into the cell.

c. water to move out of the cell.

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell? a. active transport b. diffusion c. osmosis d. facilitated diffusion

a. active transport

Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7-4 above? a. diffusion b. active transport c. osmosis d. facilitated diffusion

b. active transport

Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7-5 above? a. protein pump b. endocytosis c. facilitated diffusion d. exocytosis

d. exocytosis

Which of the following activities is NOT a way that unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis? a. response to the environment b. growth c. cell specialization d. reproduction

c. cell specialization

Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism? a. organ system b. cell specialization c. unicellularity d. homeostasis

d. homeostasis

The cells of unicellular organisms are a. unable to respond to changes in their environment. b. able to carry out all the functions necessary for life. c. specialized to perform different tasks. d. larger than those of multicellular organisms.

b. able to carry out all the functions necessary for life.

Which of the following is an example of an organ? a. nerve cell b. heart c. epithelial tissue d. digestive system

b. heart

An organ system is a group of organs that a. work together to perform all the functions in a multicellular organism. b. are made up of similar cells. c. work together to perform a specific function. d. are made up of similar tissues.

c. work together to perform a specific function.

Which list represents the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level? a. cell, tissue, organ, organ system b. organ system, organ, tissue, cell c. cell, tissue, organ system, organ d. tissue, organ, organ system, cell

a. cell, tissue, organ, organ system

What are the three parts of an ATP molecule? a. adenine, thylakoid, and a phosphate group b. adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups c. NADH, NADPH, and FADH2 d. stroma, grana, and chlorophyll

b. adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

Energy is released from ATP when a. a phosphate group is added. b. a phosphate group is removed. c. adenine bonds to ribose. c. ATP is exposed to sunlight.

b. a phosphate group is removed.

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about ATP? a. ATP provides energy for the mechanical functions of cells. b. ATP consists of ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups. c. ADP is produced when ATP releases energy. d. Used ATP is discarded by the cell waste.

d. Used ATP is discarded by the cell waste.

Look at Figure 8-1. All of the following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT a. structure D b. structure C c. structure B d. structure A

a. structure D

Which structures shown in Figure 8-1 make up an ATP molecule? a. A, B, and C b. A and B c. A, B, C, and D d. C and D

c. A, B, C, and D

In Figure 8-1, between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule? a. A and C b. B and C c. A and B d. C and D

d. C and D

Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called a. thylakoids. b. heterotrophs. c. autotrophs. d. pigments.

c. autotrophs.

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called a. thylakoids. b. plants. c. autotrophs. d. heterotrophs.

d. heterotrophs.

Which of the following organisms makes its own food using light energy from the sun? a. oak b. amoeba c. leopard d. mushroom

a. oak

Which of the following organisms is a heterotroph? a. sunflower b. alga c. mushroom d. wheat

c. mushroom

What happens during photosynthesis? a. Heterotrophs consume ATP. b. Autotrophs consume carbohydrates. c. Autotrophs produce carbohydrates. d. Heterotrophs produce ATP.

c. Autotrophs produce carbohydrates.

Plants gather energy with light-absorbing molecules called a. pigments. b. glucose. c. thylakoids. d. chloroplasts.

a. pigments.

Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing a. chlorophyll b. b. high-energy sugars. c. chlorophyll a d. sunlight.

d. sunlight.

Most plants appear green because chlorophyll a. absorbs violet light. b. does not absorb green light. c. absorbs green light. d. does not absorb violet light.

b. does not absorb green light.

Which structure in Figure 8-2 represents a thylakoid? a. structure B b. structure C c. structure A d. structure D

b. structure C

A granum is a a) stack of chloroplasts. b) stack of thylakoids. c) a membrane enclosing a thylakoid. d) photosynthetic pigment molecule.

b) stack of thylakoids.

The stroma is the region outside the a. chloroplasts. b. plant cells. c. thylakoids. d. mitochondria.

c. thylakoids.

Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found? a. in the stroma b. in the thylakoid space c. in the ATP d. in the thylakoid membrane

d. in the thylakoid membrane

What happens when chlorophyll is struck by sunlight? a. A chemical reaction turns chlorophyll into high energy carbohydrates. b. The electrons in the chlorophyll molecule become energized. c. Energy from fat molecules is released. d. The chlorophyll molecule is broken into two molecules.

b. The electrons in the chlorophyll molecule become energized.

What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis? a. electron carrier b. photosystem c. pigment d. high-energy sugar

a. electron carrier

Which chemical shown in Figure 8-3 is an electron carrier molecule? a. NADP+ b. H2O c. oxygen d. carbon dioxide

a. NADP+

What makes certain molecules good electron carriers? a. They are carbohydrates and have a lot of energy, which allows them to carry electrons. b. They can accept electrons and transfer most of their energy to another molecule. c. They are very large molecules, so they have lots of room to carry many electrons. d. They can absorb sunlight, which is where all of the high-energy electrons come from.

b. They can accept electrons and transfer most of their energy to another molecule.

Why are electron carriers needed for transporting electrons from one part of the chloroplast to another? a. High-energy electrons are not soluble in cytoplasm. b. High-energy electrons get their energy from electron carriers. c. High-energy electrons are highly reactive. d. High-energy electrons would be destroyed.

c. High-energy electrons are highly reactive.

A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably a. carbon dioxide. b. glucose. c. ATP. d. oxygen.

d. oxygen.

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into a. oxygen and carbon. b. oxygen and high-energy sugars. c. ATP and oxygen. d. high-energy sugars and proteins.

b. oxygen and high-energy sugars.

Which of the following is NOT found in the overall reaction for photosynthesis? a. water b. carbon dioxide c. light d. nitrogen

d. nitrogen

In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of a. oxygen. b. ATP. c. water. d. glucose.

a. oxygen.

In Figure 8-4, why might the candle in jar A burn longer than the candle in jar B? a. Glucose produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer. b. Oxygen produced by the plants allows the candle to burn longer. c. Carbon dioxide produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer. d. Chlorophyll produced by the plant allows the candle to burn longer.

b. Oxygen produced by the plants allows the candle to burn longer.

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place? a. within the mitochondria membranes b. in the stroma of the chloroplast c. within the thylakoid membranes d. in the outer membrane of chloroplasts

c. within the thylakoid membranes

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions? a. oxygen gas and glucose b. ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas c. ATP, carbon dioxide gas, and NADPH d. carbon dioxide gas, oxygen gas, and NADPH

b. ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas

Which of the following is NOT a step in the light-dependent reactions? a. Pigments in the photosystem I and II absorb light. b. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the thylakoid membrane. c. ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars. d. High-energy electrons move through the electron transport chain.

c. ATP and NADPH are used to produce high-energy sugars.

What action contributes to the inside of the thylakoid membrane becoming positively charged during the light-dependent reactions? a. Carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma. b. ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP. c. H+ ions are released as water splits. d. ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane.

c. H+ ions are released as water splits.

Where are photosystems I and II found? a. in the thylakoid membrane b. in the Calvin cycle c. in the stroma d. in the cell membrane

a. in the thylakoid membrane

Which of the following activities happens within the stroma? a. The Calvin cycle produces sugars. b. Photosystems I absorbs light. c. ATP synthase produces ATP. d. Electrons move through the electron transport chain.

a. The Calvin cycle produces sugars.

The Calvin cycle is another name for the a. light-independent reactions. b. photosynthesis reaction. c. light-dependent reactions. d. electron transport chain.

a. light-independent reactions.

The Calvin cycle takes place in the a. photosystems. b. stroma. c. thylakoid membranes. d. chlorophyll membranes.

b. stroma.

What is a product of the Calvin cycle? a. oxygen gas b. ATP c. high-energy sugars d. carbon dioxide gas

c. high-energy sugars

How does the Calvin cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions? a. It requires water. b. It takes place in chloroplasts. c. It requires light. d. It takes place in the stroma.

d. It takes place in the stroma.

If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant's environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant's production of high-energy sugars? a. More sugars will be produced. b. Fewer sugars will be produced at first, but then the plant will recover. c. No sugars will be produced. d. The same number of sugars will be produced but without carbon dioxide.

c. No sugars will be produced.

If you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives, what happens? a. The rate of photosynthesis increases indefinitely with light intensity. b. The rate of photosynthesis does not change. c. The rate of photosynthesis decreases indefinitely with light intensity. d. The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off.

d. The rate of photosynthesis increases and then levels off.

In which experimental setup shown above could you expect the elodea plant inside the test tube to produce the LEAST amount of oxygen? a. A b. B c. C d. D

a. A

How do organisms get the energy they need? a. by breathing oxygen into the lungs and combining it with carbon dioxide b. by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy c. by burning food molecules and releasing their energy as heat d. by using the sun's energy to break down food molecules and form chemicals

b. by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the cellular respiration? a. glycolysis yields Krebs cycle yields electron transport b. glycolysis yields fermentation yields Krebs cycle c. Krebs cycle yields electron transport yields glycolysis d. Krebs cycle yields glycolysis yields electron transport

a. glycolysis yields Krebs cycle yields electron transport

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration? a. 6CO2 + H2O + Energy yields 602 + C6H12O6 b. 6O2 + C6H12O6 yields 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy c. 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy yields 6CO2 + 6H2O d. 6Co2 + 6H2O yields 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy

b. 6O2 + C6H12O6 yields 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy

Cellular respiration is called an anaerobic process because it requires a. exercise. b. glucose. c. light. d. oxygen.

d. oxygen.

Which organism is NOT likely to carry out cellular respiration? a. button mushroom b. Siberian tiger c. cypress tree d. anaerobic bacterium

d. anaerobic bacterium

Using Figure 9-1, which pairing matches the structures shown in the cell diagrams with the processes that take place within those structures? a. A: photosynthesis; B: cellular respiration b. C: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration c. D: photosynthesis; E: cellular respiration d. E: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration

d. E: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration

Which process does NOT release energy from glucose? a. fermentation b. cellular respiration c. photosynthesis d. glycolysis

c. photosynthesis

Which of the following is one of the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes? a. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. b. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. c. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy. d. Photosynthesis consumes glucose, and cellular respiration produces glucose.

b. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.

Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in a. animals cells only. b. plant cells only. c. prokaryotic cells only. d. all eukaryotic cells.

d. all eukaryotic cells.

Plants cannot release energy from glucose using a. glycolysis. b. cellular respiration. c. the Krebs cycle. d. photosynthesis.

d. photosynthesis.

The products of photosynthesis are the a. products of cellular respiration. b. reactants of fermentation. c. products of glycolysis. d. reactants of cellular respiration.

d. reactants of cellular respiration.

Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell? a. Krebs cycle b. electron transport c. glycolysis d. photosynthesis

c. glycolysis

Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of a. 36 ATP molecules. b. 18 ATP molecules. c. 4 ATP molecules. d. 2 ATP molecules.

d. 2 ATP molecules.

The starting molecule for glycolysis is a. glucose. b. pyruvic acid. c. ADP. d. citric acid.

a. glucose.

Glycolysis requires a. sunlight. b. NADP+. c. ATP. d. oxygen.

c. ATP.

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis? a. pyruvic acid b. NADH c. glucose d. ATP

c. glucose

Which of the following is an electron carrier that plays a role in cellular respiration? a. ATP b. NAD+ c. pyruvic acid d. NADP+

b. NAD+

The Krebs cycle does not occur if a. oxygen is not present. b. carbon dioxide is present. c. glycolysis occurs. d. oxygen is present.

a. oxygen is not present.

In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by a. lactic acid fermentation. b. alcoholic fermentation. c. the Krebs cycle. d. photosynthesis.

c. the Krebs cycle.

What process do the arrows for oxygen going in and water coming out represent in the Figure 9-2 diagram of the mitochondria? a. electron transport b. glycolysis c. the Krebs cycle d. fermentation

a. electron transport

Which of the following pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain? a. acetyl-CoA b. ATP and ADP c. NADH and FADH2 d. citric acid

c. NADH and FADH2

High-energy electrons that move down the electron transport chain ultimately provide the energy needed to a. convert carbon dioxide into water molecules. b. break down glucose into pyruvic acid molecules. c. convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules. d. transport water molecules across the membrane.

d. transport water molecules across the membrane.

The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is directly used to a. split water molecules. b. make citric acid. c. transport H+ ions. d. make lactic acid.

c. transport H+ ions.

Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately a. 36 ATP molecules. b. 2 ATP molecules. c. 32 ATP molecules. d. 4 ATP molecules.

a. 36 ATP molecules.

Breathing heavily after running a race is your body's way of a. making more citric acid. b. restarting glycolysis. c. repaying an oxygen debt. d. stopping the electron transport chain.

c. repaying an oxygen debt.

Biology SE 2 Final cards Flashcards

(100 cards)